Effects of sharp eyespot (Rhizoctonia cerealis) on yield and grain quality of winter wheat

Abstract

Sharp eyespot caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis was assessed in four winter wheat crops surveyed at four locations in north-central Poland in [2006][2007][2008][2009]. At the four locations symptoms developed on 41.9-67.7 % of shoots of all plants (average of 4 years) and on 49-73.5 % of shoots of diseased plants (average of 4 years). Slight (category 1) disease was most frequent, occurring on 24.4-41.3 % of shoots (range 14.8-51.3 %); moderate (category 2) disease was less frequent, occurring on 16.9-25.5 % of shoots (range 8.9-32.4 %); severe (category 3) disease was least frequent, occurring on 3.2-7.1 % (range 0-22.0 %) of shoots. Sharp eyespot affected wheat growth and yield, and grain quality. Disease, especially in the severe category, was associated with significant decreases in plant and ear dry weights, number of grains per ear, grain dry weight per ear and thousand-grain weight, and with increases in grain protein and wet gluten contents, Hagberg falling number and sedimentation value. There was an association between occurrence of sharp eyespot in stems and colonization of grain by fungi. Alternaria alternata and E. nigrum were the most common species.

Risk assessment posed by diseases in context of integrated management of wheat

“…Burpee) is a potentially damaging disease of wheat. Sharp eyespot severity is associated with significant decreases in plant and ear weight, reductions in yield components, and increases in grain protein and wet gluten content [39,40]. Fusarium species are soil-borne fungi that may be parasites, endophytes, or pathogens of healthy host plants depending on the ecological context, and they are known for their ability to survive in soil in the form of spores or saprotrophs [33,38].…”

Approaches to improve wheat grain quality: breeding for falling number

“…�rechs. (Ptr) (Fox et al, 2003), Fusarium culmorum и других видов (Gartner et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2008;Siuda et al, 2010), Rhizoctonia cerealis (Lemańczyk, Kwaśna, 2013). Повреждение зерна вредными клопами значимо снижает всхожесть семян, реологические свойства муки и семолины (Васильчук, 2001), ЧП (Mousa, 2011).…”

Quantitative trait loci for resistance to Sharp Eyespot (Rhizoctonia cerealis) in recombinant inbred wheat lines from the cross Niavt 14 × Xuzhou 25

“…Wheat Sharp Eyespot is particularly associated with temperate wheatgrowing regions such as in China (Wang et al 1994;McBeath & McBeath 2010), Egypt (Hammouda 2003), England and Wales (Clarkson & Cook 1983;Polley & Thomas 1991), New Zealand (Cromey et al 2006), Poland (Lemańczyk 2010;Lemańczyk & Kwaśna 2013), and the USA. (Lipps & Herr 1982;Mazzola et al 1996).…”

“…(Lipps & Herr 1982;Mazzola et al 1996). Severe Sharp Eyespot can considerably decrease wheat grain yield (Clarkson & Cook 1983;Lemańczyk & Kwaśna 2013). In terms of wheat acreage affected by Sharp Eyespot, China is the largest epidemic region in the world, as exemplified by 8.1 million hectares of winter wheat affected in 2005(McBeath & McBeath 2010.…”

“…Every year, about onefifth of the wheat planting area has been affected by the Sharp Eyespot disease, and billions of dollars in economic losses have been recorded (Cai et al 2006;McBeath & McBeath. 2010;Lemańczyk & Kwaśna 2013). Cultivating disease-resistant varieties is the most effective way to reduce damage caused by the wheat Sharp Eyespot disease.…”