Effects of Shallow Groundwater Depth and Nitrogen Application Level on Soil Water and Nitrate Content, Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

She, Yingjun; Li, Ping; Qi, Xuebin; Guo, Wei; Rahman, Shafeeq Ur; Lu, Hai Bo; Ma, Cancan; Du, Zhenggang; Cui, Jiaxin; Liang, Zhijie

doi:10.3390/agriculture12020311

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…WTD may be deeper, and the upper soil moisture was too late to be replenished with limited irrigation ( Supplementary Figures S2C, D ). High N application rate (>150–240 kg/ha) significantly enlarged soil inorganic nitrogen content and deepened soil drought ( Wang et al., 2016b ; Zhang et al., 2020 ; She et al., 2022 ). Less water and more nitrogen in soil resulted in the imbalance of water and fertilizer supply for the crop, water stress limited the nitrogen availability ( Gu et al., 2015 ), and a high N application rate inhibited crop growth and crop water absorption ( Figures 2B–D , 3B–D , Supplementary Figures S2C, D ) ( Rasmussen et al., 2015 ; Liu et al., 2018 ), resulting in yield reduction ( Figures 6 , 8 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diameter of the lysimeter was 40 cm, the height was 1.0-1.9 m, the side had soil extraction holes, and the inside was equipped with soil moisture monitoring probes and soil solution extractors. The details of the lysimeter were described by She et al (2022). The water level scale on the Mariotte bottle was used to record the groundwater consumption.…”

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of nitrogen application on winter wheat growth, water use, and yield under different shallow groundwater depths

She

Li²,

Qi³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Shallow groundwater plays a vital role in physiology morphological attributes, water use, and yield production of winter wheat, but little is known of its interaction with nitrogen (N) application. We aimed to explore the effects of N fertilization rate and shallow groundwater table depth (WTD) on winter wheat growth attributes, yield, and water use. Experiments were carried out in micro-lysimeters at WTD of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5 m with 0, 150, 240, and 300 kg/ha N application levels for the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The results showed that there was an optimum groundwater table depth (Op-wtd), in which the growth attributes, groundwater consumption (GC), yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) under each N application rate were maximum, and the Op-wtd decreased with the increase in N application. The Op-wtd corresponding to the higher velocity of groundwater consumption (Gv) appeared at the late jointing stage, which was significantly higher than other WTD treatments under the same N fertilization. WTD significantly affected the Gv during the seeding to the regreening stage and maturity stage; the interaction of N application, WTD, and N application was significant from the jointing to the filling stage. The GC, leaf area index (LAI), and yield increased with an increase of N application at 0.6–0.9-m depth—for example, the yield and the WUE of the NF300 treatment with 0.6-m depth were significantly higher than those of the NF150–NF240 treatment at 20.51%, and 14.81%, respectively. At 1.2–1.5-m depth, the N application amount exceeding 150–240 kg/ha was not conducive to wheat growth, groundwater use, grain yield, and WUE. The yield and the WUE of 150-kg/ha treatment were 15.02% and 10.67% higher than those of 240–300-kg/ha treatment at 1.2-m depth significantly. The optimum N application rate corresponding to yield indicated a tendency to decrease with the WTD increase. Considering the winter wheat growth attributes, GC, yield, and WUE, application of 150–240 kg/ha N was recommended in our experiment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Sitementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nitrogen application on winter wheat growth, water use, and yield under different shallow groundwater depths

She

Li²,

Qi³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

Self Cite

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“…Meanwhile, soil moisture status and crop growth interact and constrain each other [1,2]. Soil moisture status causes diverse responses in crops that affect everything from morphology to physiology, so the presence of shallow groundwater will inevitably have an impact on the process of crop growth and evapotranspiration (ET) [3]. In recent years, many scholars have conducted extensive research on the impact of shallow groundwater on crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kang et al [7] found that the effect of a groundwater depth of 2 m on crop growth was greater than that of a groundwater depth of 3 and 4 m, which showed that the larger the groundwater depth, the more unfavorable to the plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation (DMA) of winter wheat. She et al [8] concluded that compared to groundwater depths of 3 and 4 m, the groundwater depth of 2 m helped to extend the rapid growth time and increase the LAI of maize. Wang [9] controlled the groundwater depth at 1, 2, 3 and 4 m and found that shallow groundwater helped to accelerate the reproductive process of plants and increase the LAI, which in turn enhanced plant photosynthesis and ET.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Evapotranspiration, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybeans to Groundwater Depth

Zhu,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Agronomy

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To clarify the physiological mechanism of different groundwater depths affecting soybean evapotranspiration, photosynthetic characteristics and yield, a field experiment with four groundwater depth levels (1 m (D1), 2 m (D2), 3 m (D3) and 4 m (D4)) was conducted through the groundwater simulation system in 2021 and 2022. In this study, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the groundwater recharge and irrigation water demand and evapotranspiration (ET) of soybean fields with different treatments, and the effects of different treatments on soybean leaf area index (LAI), chlorophyll content index (SPAD), intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (IPAR), photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, dry matter accumulation (DMA) and yield were explored. The results showed the following: (1) Groundwater depth affected soybean ET and the source of ET. With the increase in groundwater depth, groundwater recharge and its contribution to ET gradually decreased, but the amount of irrigation required gradually increased, resulting in the ET as D1 > D4 > D2 > D3. (2) Soybean LAI, SPAD and IPAR were significantly affected by the different groundwater depths, of which the D1 treatment always maintained the maximum, followed by the D4 treatment, and the D3 treatment was the minimum. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters under different treatments changed synergistically, showing significant differences in the flowering and podding stages, notably D1 > D4 > D2 > D3. Soybean DMA and yield first decreased and then increased with the increase in groundwater depth, and the average DMA and yield under the D1 treatment increased by 27.71%, 46.80% and 22.82% and 20.29%, 29.91% and 12.83% in the two years, respectively, compared to the D2, D3 and D4 treatments. (3) The structural equation model demonstrated that the groundwater depth indirectly affected the growth of soybean leaf area by affecting groundwater recharge, which in turn regulated soybean ET and photosynthetic capacity and ultimately affected DMA and yield. The above results showed that in the case of shallow groundwater depth (D1), the largest groundwater recharge promoted the growth of soybean leaf area and chlorophyll synthesis and increased the absorption and utilization of solar radiation. And it improved the leaf stomata conditions, accelerated the gas exchange between the plant and atmosphere, enhanced the photosynthetic production capacity and ET and achieved maximum DMA and yield. Soybean leaf growth and photosynthesis diminish with the increase in groundwater depth. In the case of deep groundwater depth (D4), the maximum irrigation improved the growth and photosynthetic performance of soybean leaves, which was favorable to ET, and ultimately led to increases in DMA and yield.

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“…Currently, the N use e ciency of crops is calculated using the difference value method (Yang, et al, 2021;She, et al, 2022). However, this method cannot distinguish whether the N absorbed by crops comes from the soil or fertilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manure Application Effects on Nitrogen Uptake and Distribution in Organic Chinese Flowering Cabbage Based on 15N-tracing

Yang,

Wang,

Zheng

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The application of large amounts of manure nitrogen (N) in Northwest China has had a serious negative impact on the sustainable development of regional organic agriculture and ecological environmental protection. Field experiments were conducted in three crop cycles in Ningxia, Northwest China, to study the effects of different manure application rates on the N absorption and utilization of Chinese Flowering Cabbage (CFC) and N distribution characteristics of manure, which were carried out on the basis of 0(M0), 300(M300), 600(M600), 900(M900), 1200(M1200) kg N·hm-2 manure N rates by setting an 15N micro-area. Results showed that the 15N absorption in each crop of CFC showed a parabola trend of "low high low" with an increase in the amount of manure, and the 15N absorption of the M900 treatment was the highest, which increased by 64.3 % compared with that of the M1200 treatment (P<0.05). After three crops of CFC, only 10.2–24.0% of manure N was absorbed by the crops, and 39.0–54.3% remained in the 0–100 cm soil layer, with a loss ratio of 35.5–48.5%. The manure N absorption rate under M900 treatment reached the maximum (24.0 %), and the amount of soil residual (351.11 kg·hm-2) was greater than the loss (333.28 kg·hm-2). N absorption in the M1200 treatment was 39.2 % lower than that in M900 (P<0.05), and the loss (581.17 kg·hm-2) was greater than that of the residue (487.64 kg·hm-2). The residual 15N was mainly distributed in the 0–40 cm soil layer, and the residual amount was 127.65–390.32 kg·hm-2, which accounted for 78.1–81.3% of the total residual amount. The nitrate-N content in the 0–20 cm and 20–40 cm soil layers increased with increasing manure application rates, and there was no significant difference between the M900 and M1200 treatments. However, the NO3–-15N content in the 40–100 cm soil layer in the M1200 treatment was 1.2 times higher than that in the M900 treatment (P<0.05). Therefore, considering the absorption, residue, and loss of manure N in crops, it can be concluded that a manure N application rate of 900 kg N·hm-2 is the most favorable for the production of three consecutive crops of CFC.

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Effects of Shallow Groundwater Depth and Nitrogen Application Level on Soil Water and Nitrate Content, Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

Cited by 10 publications

References 71 publications

Effects of nitrogen application on winter wheat growth, water use, and yield under different shallow groundwater depths

Effects of nitrogen application on winter wheat growth, water use, and yield under different shallow groundwater depths

Response of Evapotranspiration, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Soybeans to Groundwater Depth

Manure Application Effects on Nitrogen Uptake and Distribution in Organic Chinese Flowering Cabbage Based on 15N-tracing

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