Effects of selected bioactive food compounds on human white adipocyte function

Abstract

BackgroundPrevious studies suggest that intake of specific bioactive compounds may have beneficial clinical effects on adipose tissue partly due to their anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. With the overall aim to contribute to better understanding of the mechanisms of selected bioactive nutrients on fat metabolism, we investigated their role on human white adipocyte function.MethodsThe influence of the omega-3-fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the anthocyanin (AC) cyanidin-3-glucoside and its metabolite protocatechuic acid, and the beta-glucan metabolite propionic acid (PI) on adipokine secretion, fatty acid metabolism (lipolysis/lipogenesis) and adipocyte differentiation (lipid accumulation) was studied in human fat cells differentiated in vitro. To investigate possible synergistic, additive or antagonistic effects, DHA was also combined with AC or PI.ResultsEach compound, alone or together with DHA, suppressed basal adipocyte lipolysis compared to control treated cells. DHA alone attenuated the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines such as chemerin, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), whereas AC suppressed only the latter two. Treatment with PI decreased IL-6, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and adiponectin secretion. A combination of DHA and AC decreased TNFα secretion and increased insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. No effect was found on adipocyte differentiation. At the selected concentrations, none of the compounds was found to be cytotoxic.ConclusionThe studied bioactive food compounds or their metabolites have beneficial effects in human primary fat cells measured as decreased basal lipolytic activity and secretion of inflammatory markers. A minor effect was also observed on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake albeit only with the combination of DHA and AC. Taken together, our results may link the reported health benefits of the selected bioactives on metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, hypertension and dyslipidemia to effects on white adipocytes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0064-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Effects of purified anthocyanin supplementation on platelet chemokines in hypocholesterolemic individuals: a randomized controlled trial

“…Garcia-Alonso et al have shown that the circulating plasma CCL2 level is decreased in healthy volunteers after treatment with 12 g anthocyanin extract from red wine for 24 h [52]. Moreover, Björk et al have found that CCL2 secretion by human primary fat cells is suppressed following treatment with the anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside (130 nM) for 48 h [53]. In contrast, another study conducted by Kuntz et al has revealed that in healthy young female volunteers, the CXCL8 and CCL2 levels are not affected by consumption of 330 ml/d of anthocyanin-rich fruit beverages for 14 days [54].…”

Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Ameliorating the Obesity-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Animal Models and Humans

“…DHA attenuates the secretion of proinflammatory adipokines, such as chemerin, IL-6 and MCP-1, in human adipocytes in vitro [166]. In rodents in vivo, gavage with DHA causes inhibition of gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6, in liver [132].…”

The Anthocyanins, Oenin and Callistephin, Protect RPE Cells Against Oxidative Stress

“…Anthocyanins have been well established as potent antioxidants and have been shown to have health benefits in disease prevention . Regarding the retina, these compounds have also been shown to behave as a neuroprotectant by increasing rhodopsin regeneration and have been found to have protective effects against light‐induced damage .…”

“…It has been proposed that anthocyanins may have therapeutic potential in preventing or attenuating chronic disease associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that anthocyanins modulate anti‐inflammatory activity by downregulating pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression, suppressing secretion of these cytokines and by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) . It has even been suggested that the anthocyanin cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and its metabolites can attenuate photic stress‐induced oxidative damage to the retina by suppressing activation of pro‐inflammatory genes in vivo .…”