Effects of Seawater, NaCl, and Na2SO4 Solution Mixing on Hydration Process of Cement Paste

Li, Weiwen; Jiang, Zhilu; Lu, Meiyuan; Long, Wu-Jian; Xing, Feng; Liu, Jun

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0003673

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similarly, the brucite (Mg(OH) 2 ) formed in the reactions elucidated by either Equations ( 1)-( 3) can react with silica-gel (SiO 2 ⋅nH 2 O), which produced from the reaction elucidated in Equation ( 2) to form a magnesium silicate hydrate (4MgO⋅SiO 2 ⋅8.5H 2 O), according to Equation (7). 16,18,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36] These chemical reactions could rationally illustrate the effect of highly soluble salts of seawater on the composition and the morphology of the CH, CSH, CAH, and AFm phases formed with seawater. Furthermore, these reactions may illustrate the diversities of the FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDS intensities of major bands and the morphology of resulting phases between the system with ASW and the one with deionized water (DIW), as will be qualified later.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,33 The phases of fly ash blended cement that may be influenced by the hydrating or by the chemical reaction with sulfates (SO 4 2− ), chlorides (Cl − ), or alkalies (Na, K) would be each of portlandite (CH, Ca(OH) 2 ), CSH (3CaO⋅2SiO 2 ⋅nH 2 O), CAH (3CaO⋅Al 2 O 3 ⋅12H 2 O), as well as calcium monosulfoaluminate hydrate (AFm, 3CaO⋅Al 2 O 3 ⋅CaSO 4 ⋅12H 2 O). [13][14][15][16][17] In seawater, the existences of the Cl − and SO…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But various accelerating actions have been suggested to overthrow these obstacles, such as the type of water that utilized for the hydration process. 16,17 As an essential component for the hydration process of cementitious materials, water has a primary effect on the durability performance, the strength development, and the sustainability of cementitious materials. Moreover, most of the available studies have shown that a certain amount of salts in water will increase the strength of cementitious composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectuation of seawater on the microstructural features and the compressive strength of fly ash blended cement at early and later ages

et al. 2023

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The current work scrutinizes the effectuation of seawater on morphological properties, pore structure, and compressive strength during the hydration process of fly ash blended cement at 3, 7, 28, 56, and 90 days to better understand the influence of salinity conditions of seawater on the microstructural modification and strength development of the hydration products as well as the total porosity. The chemical reaction's mechanism of mightily soluble salts, for example, Mg2SO4 and NaCl, with hydrated fly ash and blended cement (calcium‐bearing phases) was also confirmed. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy has been appointed to observe and characterize the energetics of variation in the formulation of portlandite (CH), calcium silicate hydrate, gypsum (Gy), ettringite (AFt), and calcium chloroaluminate (Friedel's salt [FS]) throughout the hydration process of fly ash blended cement with seawater in comparison with deionized water. X‐ray diffraction analysis exposed that the peak intensities of FS, portlandite, and some particular phases of the hydrated fly ash blended cement in seawater are higher and sharper than the comparable peaks in deionized water. Mercury intrusion porosimetry‐measurements have been appointed that the total porosity of artificial seawater (ASW) was decreased from 28.9% at 3 days to 19.4% at 56 days. In addition, the average, median, and critical pore diameter were decreased in ASW while compared to deionized water (DIW). The reaction products of this work were also characterized using scanning electron microscopy, EDS, compressive strength, and isothermal calorimeter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effectuation of seawater on the microstructural features and the compressive strength of fly ash blended cement at early and later ages

et al. 2023

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“…Paste hydration kinetics was also modelled using the Krstulovic-Dabic model [105] to compare the effects of seawater, NaCl, and Na2SO4 on cement paste hydration kinetics. The authors showed acceleration of hydration in the presence of these salts/seawater, formation of Friedel's salt in the presence of chloride, and increased early-age strength.…”

Section: Advances In Modeling and Modeling Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of recent advances in the science and technology of seawater-mixed concrete

Ebead

Lau

Lollini

et al. 2022

Cement and Concrete Research

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“…It has been reported that SW can accelerate cement hydration, [9][10][11][12][13][14] shorten the setting time 11,15 and decrease the workability. [16][17][18] These properties of fresh cement paste and concrete are highly related to the aluminate phase in the cement clinkers, that is, tricalcium aluminate (C 3 A).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the availability of calcium on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) in seawater‐mixed C₃A–gypsum system

2022

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This work examined the effects of seawater (SW) on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) in C3A–gypsum and C3A–gypsum–Ca(OH)2 systems through the characterization of hydration heat release, the evolution of aqueous phase composition and hydration products with the hydration time. It was found that SW increased the dissolution driving force of C3A and solubility of gypsum, which accelerated the early hydration of C3A and the formation of ettringite (AFt), leading to a higher hydration degree of C3A at an early age compared with the deionized (DI) water–mixed pastes. After gypsum depletion to form AFt, and in the absence of Ca(OH)2, the formation of chloroaluminate hydrates was slower due to the insufficient Ca resulted in an accumulation of Al in solution. This would delay the subsequent transformation of AFt to monosulfate (SO4–AFm) and the formation of hydrogarnet (C3AH6), which would further reduce the hydration degree of the C3A at the later ages. However, in the presence of Ca(OH)2, the hydration degree of C3A–gypsum–Ca(OH)2 at later ages was increased, which was similar to that of the corresponding DI pastes. This can be inferred that the amount of Ca available in SW‐mixed cement concrete can affect the hydration degree of C3A in cement.

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Effects of Seawater, NaCl, and Na2SO4 Solution Mixing on Hydration Process of Cement Paste

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

The effectuation of seawater on the microstructural features and the compressive strength of fly ash blended cement at early and later ages

The effectuation of seawater on the microstructural features and the compressive strength of fly ash blended cement at early and later ages

A review of recent advances in the science and technology of seawater-mixed concrete

Influence of the availability of calcium on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) in seawater‐mixed C₃A–gypsum system

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Effects of Seawater, NaCl, and Na2SO4 Solution Mixing on Hydration Process of Cement Paste

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

The effectuation of seawater on the microstructural features and the compressive strength of fly ash blended cement at early and later ages

The effectuation of seawater on the microstructural features and the compressive strength of fly ash blended cement at early and later ages

A review of recent advances in the science and technology of seawater-mixed concrete

Influence of the availability of calcium on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) in seawater‐mixed C3A–gypsum system

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Product

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Influence of the availability of calcium on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C₃A) in seawater‐mixed C₃A–gypsum system