Effects of Seasonal Changes in Shoot Growth on the Amount of Unsuberized Root on Apple and Plum Trees

Head, G. C.

doi:10.1080/00221589.1967.11514205

Cited by 89 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Following the stage of rapid shoot elongation, root growth again increases, and the balance between root and shoot is re-established (Webb 1976). Similar patterns have been noted with apple and plum (Head 1967).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Physiological Characteristics of Sugar Maple and Implications for Successful Planting

Dumbroff¹,

Webb²

1978

The Forestry Chronicle

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Abstractsolve this problem appears to require additionalInvestigations of the physiology of sugar maple seedlings have partially defined the phenological patterns associated with [ I ) root growth, (2) dormancy and budbreak, (3) changes in carbohydrate reserves and [41 the activity of endogenous hormones. Results are interpreted and discussed in relation to the problem of establishment of sugar maple seedlings on openfield sites in southern Ontario. The need to produce seedlings with the physiological characteristics, and in the developmental stage, most favorable to growth of a vigorous root system at time of planting is stressed. Future research is suggested.Des recherches effectuees sur la physiologie des semis d'erable a sucre ont partiellement defini les modeles phenologiques relies a [I) la croissance racinaire, (2) la dormance et le debourrage, [3) les changements dans les reserves des carbohydrates et (4) I'activite des hormones endogenes.L'interpretation et la discussion de ces resultats sont correlees au probleme de I'btablissernent de plantation de semis d'erable a sucre dans des champs a decouvert en Ontario meridional. L'auteur met I'accent sur la necessite de production de tels semis, caracterises par ces criteres physiologiques les plus souhaitables a la croissance d'un systeme racinaire vigoureux durant leur stade de developpement initial, et suggere I'interet de poursuivre ces recherches.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Physiological Characteristics of Sugar Maple and Implications for Successful Planting

Dumbroff¹,

Webb²

1978

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…These changes followed accepted patterns noted for a range of plant species (Head 1967;Freeman & Smart 1976) and asparagus (Drost & Wilcox-Lee 2000). There was minimal change in FL-RLD during the year in our study, which is in contrast to the findings of Drost & Wilcox-Lee (2000).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Monitoring root length density and root biomass in asparagus(Asparagus officinalis)with soil cores

Drost¹,

Wilson²

2003

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Sampling date, soil depth, and sample location all significantly influenced asparagus fleshy and fibrous root biomass. Soil cores accurately estimated both total fleshy root length density and dry matter content when compared to the more time-consuming complete root excavation. Results can be used to improve crop management practices, predict root biomass, and increase our understanding of the dynamics of root development in asparagus.Keywords Asparagus officinalis; root distribution; root sampling; root dynamics Abstract Soil type, crop management practices, annual plant growth patterns, and seasonal changes in the soil environment all influence asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) roots. This study describes the dynamic changes in root growth that occur during the annual growth cycle of asparagus grown in two contrasting soil types and crop management systems. Root length density and biomass were estimated from soil cores (55 mm diam. × 0.2 m long) collected to 1 m in three locations adjacent to the row (0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 m from row centre). Samples were collected on six dates (early, or postharvest at early, mid, or late fern growth, and dormant period) between October 1999 and June 2000. Test sites varied with soil type (sandy loam or silt loam) and crop management system (normal 12-week harvest or extended 15-week harvest). Fleshy and fibrous roots were collected, root length density determined, and dry weights measured. Fleshy asparagus roots grew deeper in a sandy soil than in a silt soil, had higher dry matter content in silt than in sandy soil, and greater root length in a silt compared to a sandy soil. Fibrous root length density was greater during fern growth than during harvest, in a sandy versus a silt soil and at shallow versus deep sampling depths.

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“…Richards and Considine (1981) found that the brown color of primary grapevine roots was associated with either a suberized hypodermis, or the breakdown of cortical cells on an otherwise healthy white root. The latter has been observed for roots of Malus (Head 1967) and Prunus (Bhar et al 1970) as well. The color of primary roots of loblolly pine also appears to be related to the vitality of the cortical tissues; 84% of the primary brown roots had a cortex that was crushed or collapsed, or was in the process of shedding, while 78% of white roots had an intact cortex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Morphological and anatomical relationships of loblolly pine fine roots

McCrady

Comerford

1998

Trees

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Suberized or brown roots have been traditionally considered secondary or woody tissues. The validity of using morphological features such as color to infer root anatomy for southern pines is questionable and unproven. The objectives of this study were (i) to establish relationships between root color, diameter, and developmental stage (i.e., primary or secondary tissues) for loblolly pine, (ii) to determine the percentages of primary and secondary brown roots by diameter class, and (iii) to use these percentages to make first order estimates of the amount of brown root length and surface area that is in the primary and secondary developmental stages for sampled roots of a semi-mature loblolly pine stand. "Unsectioned" roots were collected by coring to a 25-cm depth 3 times a year and measuring roots for length and surface area by diameter class. "Sectioned" roots were sampled from a one-time core and from periodic grab samples. These roots were sectioned and characterized by their color, diameter and developmental stage. Diameters of sectioned roots (n=353) ranged from 0.21 to 8.24 mm. White and orange roots ranged from 0.23 to 2.50 mm, while brown roots spanned the range. White roots were developmentally primary, whereas orange/brown roots were either primary (from 0.21 to 2.50 mm), secondary (from 0.33 to 8.24 mm), or in transition (from 0.27 to 0.76). Total live root length of the sampled stands was estimated to be composed of 38% primary tissue, 58% secondary tissue, and 4% transition tissue. Lastly, neither root color nor diameter was a reliable predictor of developmental stage unless roots were white (primary), or orange/brown and >2.5 mm in diameter (secondary).

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Effects of Seasonal Changes in Shoot Growth on the Amount of Unsuberized Root on Apple and Plum Trees

Cited by 89 publications

References 6 publications

Physiological Characteristics of Sugar Maple and Implications for Successful Planting

Physiological Characteristics of Sugar Maple and Implications for Successful Planting

Monitoring root length density and root biomass in asparagus(Asparagus officinalis)with soil cores

Morphological and anatomical relationships of loblolly pine fine roots

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