Physiological Characteristics of Sugar Maple and Implications for Successful Planting

Dumbroff, E. B.; Webb, D. P.

doi:10.5558/tfc54092-2

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The absence of any detectable root growth before spring budbreak was unexpected and contrary to most reports for trees in general. Dumbroff and Webb (1978) reported that root growth occurred before budbreak on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). Sugar maple, however, can apparently grow roots in very cold soils (Morrow, 1950).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac

Harris¹,

Bassuk²,

Zobel³

et al. 1995

jashs

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The objectives of this study were to determine root and shoot growth periodicity for established Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. (green ash), Quercus coccinea Muenchh. (scarlet oak), Corylus colurna L. (Turkish hazelnut), and Syringa reticulata (Blume) Hara `Ivory Silk' (tree lilac) trees and to evaluate three methods of root growth periodicity measurement. Two methods were evaluated using a rhizotron. One method measured the extension rate (RE) ofindividual roots, and the second method measured change in root length (RL) against an observation grid. A third method, using periodic counts of new roots present on minirhizotrons (MR), was also evaluated. RE showed the least variability among individual trees. Shoot growth began before or simultaneously with the beginning of root growth for all species with all root growth measurement methods. All species had concurrent shoot and root growth, and no distinct alternating growth patterns were evident when root growth was measured by RE. Alternating root and shoot growth was evident, however, when root growth was measured by RL and MR. RE measured extension rate of larger diameter lateral roots, RL measured increase in root length of all diameter lateral roots and MR measured new root count of all sizes of lateral and vertical roots. Root growth periodicity patterns differed with the measurement method and the types of roots measured.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feedback relationships may be mediated by limited water (Bevington and Castle, 1985), mineral nutrients (Mertins and Wright, 1978). carbohydrates (Dumbroff and Webb, 1978). or growth regulators (Goodwin et al, 1978) shared between roots and shoots.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac

Harris¹,

Bassuk²,

Zobel³

et al. 1995

jashs

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show abstract

“…However, if root balls are protected from cold during handling, most hardy trees probably can be successfully transplanted whenever they are dormant if winters are not severe. Spring transplanting (prior to budbreak) avoids most risks of damaging cold weather, but transplanting at budbreak is often detrimental to bareroot stock (Dumbroff and Webb, 1978;Farmer, 1975) and can result in poor root production and growth due to water stress and competition between roots and shoots for carbohydrates (Watson and Himelick, 1982).…”

Section: Workhopmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, season, or time of year, dictates specifi c plant growth stages (e.g., dormancy, shoot expansion, leaf drop) and consequently affects a variety of plant resources that infl uence the potential for quick post-transplant root system regeneration, the key to successful transplant establishment. For example, buds of (Dumbroff and Webb, 1978;Harris and Fanelli, 1999;Himelick, 1982, 1983) due to the risk of desiccation (Farmer, 1975) and competition between roots and shoots for available carbohydrates (Lathrop and Mecklenburg, 1971;Richardson, 1958;Himelick, 1982, 1983) during this growth stage, which can result in suppression of new root growth (Dumbroff and Webb, 1978). Transplanting when trees are in-leaf also results in greater desiccation risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Effects of Transplant Timing on Landscape Establishment of Field-grown Deciduous Trees in Temperate Climates

Richardson-Calfee¹,

Harris²

2005

horttech

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Prudent landscape professionals can enhance chances for successful establishment by timing tree transplant operations to coincide with ideal seasonal conditions. However, transplant timing is usually determined by economic factors, resulting in trees being transplanted at times that are unfavorable for their survival and growth. Knowledge of the effects of season of transplanting on the establishment of landscape trees can help assure the highest probability of success, especially since special post-transplant management may be required if trees are transplanted at unfavorable times. This manuscript reviews past and current research on the effects of transplant timing on landscape establishment of deciduous shade trees. Specific results are summarized from several key studies.

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“…Season of transplant influences transplant success through seasonal effects on biological status, such as bud dormancy and the associated hormonal signals (18,19), root growth periodicity (4,8), and weather, such as soil moisture (5,14) and temperature (13,15). Fall transplanting of trees and shrubs may be advantageous compared to spring transplanting in part because soils are generally moist and transpiration is reduced in fall and winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Transplant Season and Container Size on Landscape Establishment of Kalmia latifolia L.

Hanson

Harris

Wright

2004

Journal of Environmental Horticulture

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Mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) is a common native shrub in the Eastern United States; however, this species can be difficult to establish in landscapes. Two experiments were conducted to test the effects of transplant season and container size on landscape establishment of Kalmia latifolia L. ‘Olympic Wedding’. In experiment one, 7.6 liter (2 gal) and 19 liter (5 gal) container-grown plants were planted into a simulated landscape (Blacksburg, VA, USDA plant hardiness zone 6A) in early fall 2000 and in late spring 2001. Plants in 19 liter (5 gal) containers had the lowest leaf xylem potential (more stressed) near the end of the first post-transplant growing season, and leaf dry weight and area were higher for spring transplants than for fall transplants. For spring transplants, 7.6 liter (2 gal) plants had the highest visual ratings, but 19 liter (5 gal) plants had the highest visual ratings for fall transplants three growing seasons after transplanting. Plants grown in 7.6 liter (2 gal) containers had the highest % canopy volume increase after three post-transplant growing seasons. In the second experiment, 19 liter (5 gal) plants were transplanted into above-ground root observation chambers (rhizotrons) in early fall 2000 and late spring 2001. Roots of fall transplants grew further into the backfill than spring transplants at the end of one post-transplant growing season. Overall, our data suggest that smaller plants will be less stressed the first season after transplanting and will likely stand a better chance for successful establishment in a hot and dry environment. Fall is the preferred time to transplant since capacity for maximum root extension into the backfill will be greater than for spring transplants.

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Physiological Characteristics of Sugar Maple and Implications for Successful Planting

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac

Root and Shoot Growth Periodicity of Green Ash, Scarlet Oak, Turkish Hazelnut, and Tree Lilac

A Review of the Effects of Transplant Timing on Landscape Establishment of Field-grown Deciduous Trees in Temperate Climates

Effects of Transplant Season and Container Size on Landscape Establishment of Kalmia latifolia L.

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