“…First, season, or time of year, dictates specifi c plant growth stages (e.g., dormancy, shoot expansion, leaf drop) and consequently affects a variety of plant resources that infl uence the potential for quick post-transplant root system regeneration, the key to successful transplant establishment. For example, buds of (Dumbroff and Webb, 1978;Harris and Fanelli, 1999;Himelick, 1982, 1983) due to the risk of desiccation (Farmer, 1975) and competition between roots and shoots for available carbohydrates (Lathrop and Mecklenburg, 1971;Richardson, 1958;Himelick, 1982, 1983) during this growth stage, which can result in suppression of new root growth (Dumbroff and Webb, 1978). Transplanting when trees are in-leaf also results in greater desiccation risk.…”