Effects of scorpion and rattlesnake venoms on the canine pancreas following pancreaticoduodenal arterial injections

Renner, Ian G.; Pantoja, José L.; Abramson, Stephen B.; Douglas, A.G.; Russell, Findlay E.; Koch, Mary K.

doi:10.1016/0041-0101(83)90097-1

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The process by which secretin confers protection in our model of AP is at present purely conjectural. In electron microscopic studies on acinar cells in scorpion venom-induced canine AP (6,7), and in the present work using ceruletide in the rat (Fig. 2, B and C), we have observed in the absence of exogenous secretin a randomized dispersion of zymogen granules away from the apical membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…By contrast, in rats treated with 5 CU of secretin plus 5 Mg of ceruletide/kg per h serum amylase levels were significantly reduced to -50% of the corresponding 3 and 6 h values of animals infused with ceruletide alone (Table I). At 6 h after the beginning of treatment, serum lipase levels in ceruletide-treated animals were significantly greater than those obtained in control animals and those treated with either of the combination dosages of secretin plus ceruletide (Table II). Serum trypsinogen levels in animals infused for 6 (Table II).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…At 6 h after the beginning of treatment, serum lipase levels in ceruletide-treated animals were significantly greater than those obtained in control animals and those treated with either of the combination dosages of secretin plus ceruletide (Table II). Serum trypsinogen levels in animals infused for 6 (Table II).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…2, B and C), we have observed in the absence of exogenous secretin a randomized dispersion of zymogen granules away from the apical membrane. These zymogen granules subsequently fuse to form progressively larger vacuoles, migrate to the basolateral membrane of the acinar cell, and finally rupture into the interstitial space (4)(5)(6)(7)17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there is a need for rapid improvement in therapy of AP and this need has led to an increased interest in development of suitable animal models for this purpose (4)(5)(6)(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects of exogenous secretin on ceruletide-induced acute pancreatitis in the rat.

Renner¹,

Wisner²,

Rinderknecht³

1983

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there is a need for rapid improvement in therapy of AP and this need has led to an increased interest in development of suitable animal models for this purpose (4)(5)(6)(7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Protective effects of exogenous secretin on ceruletide-induced acute pancreatitis in the rat.

Renner¹,

Wisner²,

Rinderknecht³

1983

J. Clin. Invest.

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Death due to acute pancreatitis

et al. 1985

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A large retrospective autopsy study of patients was analyzed to evaluate the major etiologic and pathologic factors contributing to fatal acute pancreatitis (AP). From an autopsy population of 50,227 patients, 405 cases were identified where AP was defined as the official primary cause of death. AP was classified according to morphological and histological, but not biochemical, criteria. Patients with AP died significantly earlier than a control autopsy population of 38,259 patients. Sixty percent of the AP patients died within 7 days of admission. Pulmonary edema and congestion were significantly more prevalent in this group, as was the presence of hemorrhagic pancreatitis. In the remaining 40% of patients surviving longer than 7 days, infection was the major factor contributing to death. Major etiologic groups in AP were chronic alcoholism; postabdominal surgery; common duct stones; a small miscellaneous group including viral hepatitis, drug, and postpartum cases; and a large idiopathic group comprising patients with cholelithiasis, diabetes mellitus, and ischemia. The prevalence of established diabetes mellitus in the AP group was significantly higher than that observed in the autopsy control series, suggesting that this disease should be considered as an additional risk factor influencing survival in AP. Pulmonary complications, including pulmonary edema and congestion, appeared to be the most significant factor contributing to death and occurred even in those cases where the pancreatic damage appeared to be only moderate in extent. Emphasis placed on the early recognition and treatment of pulmonary edema in all cases of moderate and severe AP should contribute significantly to an increase in survival in this disease.

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Acute Arthropod Envenomation

Binder

1989

Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp

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Black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans) envenomation is found throughout both the temperate and tropical latitudes, and is one of the leading causes of death from arthropod envenomations worldwide. The venom is highly neurotoxic, affecting the presynaptic motor endplate to allow massive noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and acetylcholine release into synapses causing excessive stimulation and fatigue of the motor end plate and muscle. Clinically, patients develop a bite site lesion and pain, abdominal pain and tenderness, and lower extremity pain and weakness within minutes to hours of envenomation. Symptoms progress over several hours, then subside over 2 to 3 days. The recommended treatment of 'common' envenomation is calcium gluconate 10% intravenously, titrated to relief of symptoms; antivenin, although effective, may cause hypersensitivity and serum sickness reactions, and should be restricted to life-threatening envenomations only. Brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) envenomations are seen in the Americas and in Europe, and are endemic to the south and central United States. The venom contains at least 8 enzymes, consisting of various lysins (facilitating venom spread) and sphingomyelinase D, which causes cell membrane injury and lysis, thrombosis, local ischaemia, and chemotaxis. Local envenomations begin as pain and itching that progresses to vesiculation with violaceous necrosis and surrounding erythema, and ultimately ulcer formation. Systemic envenomations may be life threatening, and present with fever, constitutional symptoms, petechial eruptions, thrombocytopenia, and haemolysis with haemoglobinuric renal failure. Treatment of local envenomations is conservative (local wound care, cryotherapy, elevation, tetanus prophylaxis, and close follow-up); systemic envenomation requires supportive care and treatment of arising complications, corticosteroids to stabilise red blood cell membranes, and support of renal function. Dapsone 100mg daily has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent in both animal studies and clinical trials. Over 650 species of scorpions are known to cause envenomation (mostly in children under 10 years); they are endemic mostly in arid and tropical areas. Different venoms and clinical presentations are seen across the different species. Most commonly, an inflammatory local reaction occurs with envenomation, which is treated with wound debridement and cleaning, tetanus prophylaxis, and antihistamines. Occasionally the venom is allergenic, and the resultant allergic reaction is treated in a standard fashion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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Effects of scorpion and rattlesnake venoms on the canine pancreas following pancreaticoduodenal arterial injections

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Protective effects of exogenous secretin on ceruletide-induced acute pancreatitis in the rat.

Protective effects of exogenous secretin on ceruletide-induced acute pancreatitis in the rat.

Death due to acute pancreatitis

Acute Arthropod Envenomation

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