Effects of Salience Are Short-Lived

Donk, Mieke; Zoest, Wieske van

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02149.x

Cited by 152 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This finding has been explained as the result of more-salient distractors eliciting more oculomotor activity during the planning of the saccade (White et al, 2012). However, this activity is transient, which results in salience effects on saccade trajectories disappearing at longer latencies (Donk & van Zoest, 2008). Similar findings have been made for other sources of salience, such as the luminance of the distractor (Jonikaitis & Belopolsky, 2014).…”

supporting

confidence: 69%

Setting things straight: A comparison of measures of saccade trajectory deviation

et al. 2017

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In eye movements, saccade trajectory deviation has often been used as a physiological operationalization of visual attention, distraction, or the visual system's prioritization of different sources of information. However, there are many ways to measure saccade trajectories and to quantify their deviation. This may lead to noncomparable results and poses the problem of choosing a method that will maximize statistical power. Using data from existing studies and from our own experiments, we used principal components analysis to carry out a systematic quantification of the relationships among eight different measures of saccade trajectory deviation and their power to detect the effects of experimental manipulations, as measured by standardized effect size. We concluded that (1) the saccade deviation measure is a good default measure of saccade trajectory deviation, because it is somewhat correlated with all other measures and shows relatively high effect sizes for two well-known experimental effects; (2) more generally, measures made relative to the position of the saccade target are more powerful; and (3) measures of deviation based on the early part of the saccade are made more stable when they are based on data from an eyetracker with a high sampling rate. Our recommendations may be of use to future eye movement researchers seeking to optimize the designs of their studies.

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confidence: 69%

Setting things straight: A comparison of measures of saccade trajectory deviation

et al. 2017

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“…In other words, it is assumed that the salience map can be altered by top-down information in advance of target selection (Wolfe, 1994;Saccadic Latency (bin) To Orientation Singleton Target (Li, 2002). This map is, at least initially, impenetrable for top-down knowledge (see Donk & van Zoest, 2008) and cannot be used to generate a detection response: The saliency map can guide attention but cannot be read to determine whether a threshold is reached to detect a target. This is a particularly appealing account of localization by eye movements, since observers in so-called oculomotor capture paradigms are often unaware of eye movements to salient distractors (Kramer, Hahn, Irwin, & Theeuwes, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Word cues affect detection but not localization responses

Mortier

Zoest²,

Meeter³

et al. 2010

Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics

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Many theories assume that preknowledge of an upcoming target helps visual selection. In those theories, a top-down set can alter the salience of the target, such that attention can be deployed to the target more efficiently and responses are faster. Evidence for this account stems from visual search studies in which the identity of the upcoming target is cued in advance. In five experiments, we show that top-down knowledge affects the speed with which a singleton target can be detected but not the speed with which it can be localized. Furthermore, we show that these results are independent of the mode of responding (manual or saccadic) and are not due to a ceiling effect. Our results suggest that in singleton search, top-down information does not affect visual selection but most likely does affect response selection. We argue that such an effect is found only when information from different dimensions needs to be integrated to generate a response and that this is the case in singleton detection tasks but not in other singleton search tasks.

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“…The priority of an object is determined by bottom-up and top-down factors. Bottom-up factors are due to stimulus features, such as a sudden onset or a conspicuous colour, but are short-lasting [79]: an onset stimulus initially captures attention, but attention can be disengaged quickly. Top-down factors are due to the behavioural relevance of an object and can be longlasting: if you want to, you can attend for a long time to a stimulus, even if it is inconspicuous.…”

Section: Remapping and Attention: Neurophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual attention and stability

Mathôt

Theeuwes

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In the present review, we address the relationship between attention and visual stability. Even though with each eye, head and body movement the retinal image changes dramatically, we perceive the world as stable and are able to perform visually guided actions. However, visual stability is not as complete as introspection would lead us to believe. We attend to only a few items at a time and stability is maintained only for those items. There appear to be two distinct mechanisms underlying visual stability. The first is a passive mechanism: the visual system assumes the world to be stable, unless there is a clear discrepancy between the pre-and post-saccadic image of the region surrounding the saccade target. This is related to the pre-saccadic shift of attention, which allows for an accurate preview of the saccade target. The second is an active mechanism: information about attended objects is remapped within retinotopic maps to compensate for eye movements. The locus of attention itself, which is also characterized by localized retinotopic activity, is remapped as well. We conclude that visual attention is crucial in our perception of a stable world.

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Effects of Salience Are Short-Lived

Cited by 152 publications

References 29 publications

Setting things straight: A comparison of measures of saccade trajectory deviation

Setting things straight: A comparison of measures of saccade trajectory deviation

Word cues affect detection but not localization responses

Visual attention and stability

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