Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers1

Waggoner, J. W.; Löest, C.A.; Mathis, C.P.; Hallford, D. M.; Petersen, M. K.

doi:10.2527/jas.2008-1068

Cited by 35 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…The decreased plasma concentrations observed for most essential and non-essential AA in response to LPS are similar, but not identical, to changes observed previously in steers (26) and foals (27) as well as in pigs with respiratory disease (28) . Under the conditions of endotoxaemia within the current ovine model, although the majority of AA (except leucine and tyrosine) showed altered plasma concentrations when LPS was infused, nine of these did not show a differential response compared with saline during the AA infusion (which can be taken as a surrogate for a protein source of similar AA composition).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

et al. 2015

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Some effects of parasitism, endotoxaemia or sepsis can be mitigated by provision of extra protein. Supplemented protein may encompass a metabolic requirement for specific amino acids (AA). The current study investigates a method to identify and quantify the amounts of AA required during inflammation induced by an endotoxin challenge. One of each pair of six twin sheep was infused in the jugular vein for 20 h with either saline (control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2 ng/kg body weight per min) from Escherichia coli. Between 12 and 20 h a mixture of stable isotope-labelled AA was infused to measure irreversible loss rates. From 16 to 20 h all sheep were supplemented with a mixture of unlabelled AA infused intravenously. Blood samples were taken before the start of infusions, and then continuously over intervals between 14 and 20 h. At 20 h the sheep were euthanised, and liver and kidney samples were taken for measurement of serine-threonine dehydratase (SDH) activity. LPS infusion decreased plasma concentrations of most AA (P < 0·05; P < 0·10 for leucine and tryptophan), except for phenylalanine (which increased P = 0·022) and tyrosine. On the basis of the incremental response to the supplemental AA, arginine, aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, lysine (tendency only), glycine, methionine, proline, serine and threonine were important in the metabolic response to the endotoxaemia. The AA infusion between 16 and 20 h restored the plasma concentrations in the LPS-treated sheep for the majority of AA, except for glutamine, isoleucine, methionine, serine and valine. LPS treatment increased (P < 0·02) SDH activity in both liver and kidney. The approach allows quantification of key AA required during challenge situations.Key words: Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide: Amino acids: Irreversible loss rate: Serine-threonine dehydratase: SheepThe protein and amino acid (AA) demands of animals for normal physiological states (e.g. growth, pregnancy and lactation) are now well characterised, especially for pigs and poultry (1) and with progress made in ruminants (2) . These requirements are altered, however, in response to injury, infection and parasitic challenge. In many cases, impact of these challenges can be ameliorated and the rate of recovery improved by provision of additional protein in the diet (3)(4)(5)(6) . Often, however, the amount of protein required is not known, with consequences for both animal performance and farm economics.More importantly, protein per se may not be required, but instead the metabolic responses to the challenge may increase the demand for specific AA. For example, practical and theoretical arguments have been presented for additional arginine in cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders (7)(8)(9)(10) , for cysteine (11) , leucine (12) and threonine (13) in sepsis, for glutamine in endotoxaemia (10) , and for phenylalanine to support acutephase protein synthesis (14) . In other situations, combinations of AA have been proposed (10,15,16) . Obviously different stages of injury, infection or recover...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

et al. 2015

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“…McMahon et al (1999) observed an increase in BUN concentrations 12 and 24 h following LPS administration in dairy steers at concen-trations similar to those reported in the current study. Waggoner et al (2009a) also reported similar increases in BUN concentrations measured in Anguscross steers administered LPS compared with steers administered saline.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Waggoner et al. () also reported similar increases in BUN concentrations measured in Angus‐cross steers administered LPS compared with steers administered saline.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Associations between endotoxin‐induced metabolic changes and temperament in Brahman bulls^,

Sanchez

Carroll

Randel

et al. 2013

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The influence of temperament on the alteration of metabolic parameters in response to a lipopolysaccharide(LPS) challenge was investigated. Brahman bulls were selected based on temperament score. Bulls (10 months; 211±5kg BW; n = 6, 8 and 7 for Calm, Intermediate and Temperamental groups, respectively) were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters to evaluate peripheral blood concentrations of glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN),non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), insulin, epinephrine and cortisol before and after LPS administration (0.5 μg/kg BW LPS). Feed intake was also recorded. Intermediate bulls consumed more feed than the Temperamental bulls during the challenge (p = 0.046). Pre-LPS glucose (p = 0.401) and BUN (p = 0.222) did not differ among the temperament groups. However, pre-LPS insulin (p = 0.023) was lower, whereas pre-LPS NEFA (p < 0.001),cortisol (p < 0.001) and epinephrine (p < 0.001) were greater in Temperamental than in Calm and Intermediate bulls. Post-LPS glucose was increased in Calm and Intermediate bulls but not in Temperamental bulls(p < 0.001). Insulin concentrations post-LPS were greater in Calm than in Intermediate and Temperamental bulls (p < 0.001). Concentrations of NEFA post-LPS were greater in Temperamental than in Calm and Intermediate bulls (p < 0.001). Serum BUN concentration increased post-LPS, with values being greater in Calm and Intermediate than in Temperamental bulls (p = 0.012). Collectively, these data demonstrate that animal temperament is related to the metabolic responses of Brahman bulls following a provocative endotoxin challenge.Specifically, Temperamental bulls may preferentially utilize an alternate energy source (i.e. NEFA) to a greater degree than do bulls of Calm and Intermediate temperaments. The use of circulating NEFA from lipolysis may reduce the negative metabolic consequences of an immune response by allowing for a prompt answer to increasing energy demands required during immunological challenge, compared with the time required for glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

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“…Waggoner et al (2009) experimentally challenged beef steers with endotoxin, and plasma concentrations of isoleucine and leucine decreased 4 h post-infusion with LPS when compared with unchallenged controls (Waggoner et al, 2009). Similarly, clearance kinetics in human subjects intravenously perfused with AA indicated greater removal of several AA in patients with microbial sepsis when compared with healthy controls, presumably as a result of hepatic extraction (Dmml et al, 2001).…”

Section: Hepatic Protein Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 91%

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Impacts of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit1,2

Gifford

Holland

Mills

et al. 2012

Journal of Animal Science

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Inflammation caused by bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be one of the greatest challenges facing beef cattle producers and feedlot managers. Inflammation decreases DMI, ADG, and G:F in feedlot calves, decreasing growth rate and increasing days on feed, which results in economic losses during the feeding period. During the past decade, marketing of feedlot animals has changed from selling cattle on a live basis to a grid-based marketing system. When cattle are marketed on a live basis, the economic effects of BRD stop at increased health cost and decreased feedlot performance, carcass weight, and death loss. However, when cattle are marketed in a grid-based system, inflammation has the potential to also affect carcass cutability and quality. The effects of inflammation on feedlot cattle in regards to performance are well understood; however, specific effects on cattle growth and ultimately carcass merit are not as well described. Recent studies in feedlot cattle have indicated that the incidence of BRD decreases both HCW and marbling; however, mechanisms are not understood. Research in other species has demonstrated that during the acute phase response, pro-inflammatory cytokines promote skeletal muscle catabolism to supply AA and energy substrates for immune tissues. Further, during this early immune response, the liver changes its metabolic priorities to the production of acute phase proteins for use in host defense. Together these dramatic shifts in systemic metabolism may explain the detrimental effects on performance and carcass traits commonly associated with BRD in feedlot calves. Moreover, recent studies relative to human health have revealed complex multilevel interactions between the metabolic and immune systems, and highlighted inflammation as being a significant contributor to major metabolic diseases. The objective of this paper is to review data to help explain the economical and physiological effects of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit.

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Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers1

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

Associations between endotoxin‐induced metabolic changes and temperament in Brahman bulls^,

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Impacts of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit1,2

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Effects of rumen-protected methionine supplementation and bacterial lipopolysaccharide infusion on nitrogen metabolism and hormonal responses of growing beef steers1

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

Responses in whole-body amino acid kinetics to an acute, sub-clinical endotoxin challenge in lambs

Associations between endotoxin‐induced metabolic changes and temperament in Brahman bulls,

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Impacts of inflammation on cattle growth and carcass merit1,2

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Associations between endotoxin‐induced metabolic changes and temperament in Brahman bulls^,