Effects of Rosmarinus officinalis on orchitis following spermatic cord torsion‐detorsion in male mice with emphasis on anti‐ inflammatory and antioxidant properties

Abstract

Testes are the male sex mammalian organs that are involved in the production of spermatozoa and sex hormones. During fertilisation, the healthy spermatozoa could fertilise the egg to form a zygote. Besides, Testosterone (Tes) is secreted by Leydig cells, promotes secondary sexual characteristics and preserves proper testicular function (Guazzone et al., 2009). Production of healthy spermatozoa along with testosterone secretion is all possible in the presence of healthy testes with no pathological changes such as inflammation or orchitis. Testicular torsion (TT) is one of the most common pathological conditions in males. During this process, the testicle rotates around the axis of the spermatic cord and compresses the testicular artery leading to reduced blood flow to the sensitive testicular tissue and orchitis. The specialised tissue structure of the testis is sensitive to

Single intratesticular injection of blood‐serum‐derived exosomes can potentially alleviate testopathy following testicular torsion

“…H&E staining was used for histopathological assessments of slides according to various protocols of deparaffinization, hematoxylin staining, alcoholic‐eosin staining, acid‐alcoholic administration, and xylene‐based clearing. Seminiferous tubule, interstitial tissue, lumen, and spermatogenic cell lines were observed microscopically (40×) 14 …”

“…Seminiferous tubule, interstitial tissue, lumen, and spermatogenic cell lines were observed microscopically (40×). 14 …”

Phytochemical Constituents and Biological Activity of Wild and Cultivated Rosmarinus officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extracts

“…At present, few studies have focused on characterizing the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Rosmarinus officinalis extracts. For instance, it has been demonstrated that rosemary extracts are effective in the treatment of orchitis by exerting an antioxidant effect on murine sperm [ 62 ]. Likewise, a polyherbal formula based on Populus nigra L. and R. officinalis extracts demonstrated a therapeutic potential for diseases based on oxidative stress and inflammation [ 63 ].…”

Rosemary: Unrevealing an old aromatic crop as a new source of promising functional food additive—A review

“…Meanwhile, several biological studies have reported that rosemary extract possesses anti‐inflammatory properties by significantly inhibiting cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) (Pereira et al., 2023). In addition, the inhibitory activities of the rosemary extract toward tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐ α , interleukin (IL)−1 β , IL‐6, IL‐10, prostaglandin E 2 , inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), toll‐like receptor 4, myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase were also widely evaluated (Goncalves et al., 2022; Khalid et al., 2020; Torghabeh et al., 2022), implying that rosemary extracts might be applied as a wide spectrum of anti‐inflammatory agents with various protein targets.…”