Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on growth, blood biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant, digestive enzymes and liver histopathology of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract

This research was designed to determine the effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on growth, blood biochemistry, immunity, antioxidant, digestive enzymes and liver histopathology of rainbow trout. In a 40‐day diet experiment, rainbow trout was fed with the experimental diets containing 0.4, 0.7, 1 and 3 g/kg of rosemary. 0.4 and 0.7 g/kg rosemary extracts had no significant effect on all parameters studied (p > .05). The growth performance (SGR and WG) and feed utilization (FCR and FER) of the fish increased with the increase in the rate of rosemary in the feed (p < .001). Additionally, only the final weight levels were significant at the linear level (p < .05). Rosemary's 1 and 3 g/kg doses increased total protein, trypsin, amylase, lipase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), lysozyme, total immunoglobulin (IG) and white blood cell (WBC) levels when compared to control group. However, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased significantly (p < .001). Moreover, these doses of rosemary caused a significant reduction in steatosis of liver hepatocytes compared to the control group. In conclusion, the present study showed that rosemary may be useful in reducing the stress effects by increasing the growth, antioxidant, digestive enzymes and immunity levels, as well as reducing the rate of steatosis in the liver of rainbow trout.

The Beneficial influence of Rosemary Aqueous Extract on the treatment of oxidative stress-induced myocardial Ischemia in Rats. Z. H. AL-Qaisi1, S. M. Abbood1, M. T. Mohammed *1, S. M. Kadhim2 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriya University, Iraq 2Ministry of Education, Rusafa-1, Iraq *Corresponding author: dr.mustafa@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq

“…In our experiments, we found that the ALT, AST, and LDH were significantly lower in Group 3 compared with Group 2. This results is in agreement with the findings of Karataş et al [25], and Almakhatreh et al [26]. R. Officinalis extract greatly lowered the blood-brain barrier permeability disruption and injuries, moreover, it lessens the effect of the myocardial infarction and neurological deficit scores after focal Ischemia-Reperfusion.…”

Efficacy of vitamin E with or without probiotic, astaxanthin or rosemary extract on growth performance, survival, haematological parameters, antioxidant activity and liver enzymes in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )

“…Moreover, a decrease in ALT and AST by dietary antioxidants in rainbow trout and other salmonids have been reported by other researchers (e.g. Darabitabar et al, 2016;Kamgar et al, 2013;Karataş et al, 2020;Naderi et al, 2017;Řehulka, 2000;Shekarabi et al, 2020). In the present study, the level of ALT in bacilli treatment was lower than other treatments and control.…”

“…Also, our results showed that fish treated with rosemary extract demonstrated a lower ALT activity, but no significant difference in AST level was seen compared to control fish. Karataş et al (2020) exhibited no significant change in AST and ALT activities in trout fed rosemary extract at 400 and 700 mg kg, while diets containing higher dosage of rosemary extract decreased the enzymes activities.…”

Optimization of aqueous enzyme‐assisted extraction of rosmarinic acid from rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis L.) leaves and the antioxidant activity of the extract

“…Because of such remarkable biological activities, RA has gained considerable attention for use in pharmaceutical and functional food industries (Amoah et al, 2016). Consequently, the demand for RA has increased considerably, which has motivated the development of effective extraction methods from its natural sources.Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an aromatic evergreen herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family (Karataş et al, 2020).…”

“…Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is an aromatic evergreen herb belonging to the Lamiaceae family (Karataş et al, 2020).…”