Effects of Root Temperature on the Plant Growth and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey)

Fang, He; Thiele, Björn; Santhiraraja-Abresch, Sharin; Watt, Michelle; Kraska, Thorsten; Ulbrich, Andreas; Kuhn, Arnd J.

doi:10.3390/agronomy10050702

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, several previous studies suggested that, under drought stress, the reduction in plant growth attributes is accompanied with a reduction in plants turgor pressure, cell division, cell wall biosynthesis, and cell expansion (B. Li, Feng, et al, 2020; Pakdel et al, 2020; Zaid et al, 2020). A wealth of literature provided ample evidence that drought stress adversely affected plant biomass (shoot and root fresh and dry biomass) in addition to water content in Brassicaceae species (Bhuiyan et al, 2019), B. napus (Dai et al, 2020), B. carinata (Samanta et al, 2020), and B. oleracea (He et al, 2020). The loss of chlorophyll and photosynthesis can also cause a decrease in plant fresh and dry biomass under drought stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought tolerance inBrassica napusis accompanied with enhanced antioxidative protection, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation at seedling stage

Ayyaz

Miao

Hannan

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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Climate change, food insecurity, water scarcity, and population growth are some of today's world's frightening problems. Drought stress exerts a constant threat to field crops and is often seen as a major constraint on global agricultural productivity; its intensity and frequency are expected to increase in the near future. The present study investigated the effects of drought stress (15% w/v polyethylene glycol PEG-6000) on physiological and biochemical changes in five Brassica napus cultivars (ZD630, ZD622, ZD619, GY605, and ZS11). For drought stress induction, 3-weekold rapeseed oil seedlings were treated with PEG-6000 in full strength Hoagland nutrient solution for 7 days. PEG treatment significantly decreased the plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency, including primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) of PSII, intercellular CO 2 , net photosynthesis, chlorophyll contents, and water-use efficiency of all studied B. napus cultivars; however, pronounced growth retardations were observed in cultivar GY605. Drought-stressed B. napus cultivars also experienced a sharp rise in H 2 O 2 generation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Additionally, the accumulation of ROS was accompanied by increased activity of enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and monodehydroascorbate reductase), although the increase was more obvious in ZD622 and ZS11. Drought stress also caused an increased endogenous hormonal biosynthesis (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid) and accumulation of total soluble proteins and proline content, but the extent varies in B. napus cultivars.These results suggest that B. napus cultivars have an efficient drought stress tolerance mechanism, as shown by improved antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation. | INTRODUCTIONWater stress is an increasingly scarce resource that decreases crop production in many parts of the world. Drought stress is one of the most severe abiotic environmental stress factors affecting crop production worldwide (Kour et al., 2020). Rapid anthropogenic climatic changes affect the annual precipitation pattern, leading to severe drought stress in many agricultural areas (Scott et al., 2014). Acquiring drought tolerance in plants probably involves molecular, cellular, physiological, and developmental adjustments enabling plants to adopt an adequate response to maintain optimal growth and development (Bergmann, 2020). In plants, drought stress adaptive strategies have been categorized as (1) drought tolerance via early flowering (Khadka et al., 2020), (2) drought escape via enhanced water uptake and reduced

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought tolerance inBrassica napusis accompanied with enhanced antioxidative protection, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation at seedling stage

Ayyaz

Miao

Hannan

et al. 2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…In hydroponically grown carrots, a 14-day treatment with an elevated nutrient solution temperature increased the total phenolic compounds and soluble solid content [10]. Similarly, our previous studies of the effects of root temperature on food quality of Chinese broccoli [14] and cocktail tomato [15] have shown that long-term root cooling can be used as a strategy to accumulate high levels of phytochemicals such as sugar, chlorophyll, lycopene and glucosinolates with potential practical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Intact individual glucosinolates were determined as described by He et al [14]. Briefly, approximately 60 mg of homogenized frozen leaf and stem samples of Exp-1 and Exp-2 were used for the extractions.…”

Section: Glucosinolates Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, cold temperature is one of the most devastating abiotic stress causing agricultural loss in horticultural crops [16,17]. For example, long-term root cooling caused 8-21% yield loss in cocktail tomato [15] and 21% loss in Chinese broccoli [14]. Under long-term cold stress conditions, photosynthesis, root respiration, water uptake, and hormone signaling were altered [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, short-term root cooling involves less energy and is therefore more economical. Our previous findings revealed that the effects of root cooling vary between growing seasons and years [14]. As Chinese broccoli is grown all year round and under diverse climatic conditions, products may have different phytochemical concentrations as a result [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Short-Term Root Cooling before Harvest on Yield and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra Bailey)

et al. 2021

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Vegetable product quality is an important consideration for consumers. Long-term root cooling could improve certain food quality of horticultural crops, but often comes at the expense of reduced shoot biomass or yield. Since few studies have investigated how fast Chinese broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey) responds to changes of root temperature, we shortened the duration of the root cooling treatment to one week before harvest to make the production system more effective. The aim of this study was to improve the food quality of Chinese broccoli without causing deleterious effects on plant growth and yield. The seedlings were cultivated hydroponically at two root temperatures (10 and 20 °C) during the last week prior to harvest in summer 2018 (Exp-1) and autumn 2019 (Exp-2). Plant growth, yield, physiological variables, soluble sugars, total chlorophyll, glucosinolates and mineral elements concentration were examined. The results showed that the yield reduction was alleviated compared to results over the long-term. Specifically, yield was not affected by root cooling in Exp-1 and reduced by 18.9% in Exp-2 compared to 20 °C. Glucose and fructose concentrations of the leaves were increased when the root temperature was 10 °C in both experiments with a more pronounced impact in Exp-2. In addition, root cooling produced a significant accumulation of individual glucosinolates, such as progoitrin, gluconapin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, in the stems of Exp-1 and the leaves of Exp-2. Minerals, such as N, showed reductions in the shoot, but accumulation in the root. Therefore, compared to long-term root cooling, short-term (one week) reduction of the root temperature is more economical and could help improve certain quality characteristics of Chinese broccoli with less or even no yield reduction.

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Profiling of sulforaphane content in forty‐seven Chinese broccoli germplasms

Liu

Ting

et al. 2022

Agronomy Journal

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Chinese broccoli [Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L. H. Bailey) Musil] is an annual herbaceous healthy vegetable plant mainly cultivated in southern China. Previous studies have been primarily focused on investigating the nutritional ingredients of this plant, little is known about its medicinal potentials. Here we report the profiling of sulforaphane, an active ingredient with potent anticancer activities, in 47 Chinese broccoli germplasms collected from China and some southeast-Asian countries. High-performance liquid chromatography technology was used to systemically quantify the sulforaphane content in leaf, stem, and flower bud clusters of all 47 Chinese broccoli germplasms. The results indicated a diverse distribution pattern of sulforaphane among different tissues. Flower bud contained the highest average of sulforaphane, roughly twice as much as in leaf and stem tissues. Interestingly, different germplasms exhibited great differences in terms of sulforaphane abundance. Germplasm BOK15-20 is extremely rich in sulforaphane in all tissues tested, ∼2,500 times of BOK15-15 in leaf, 66 times of BOK15-42 in the stem, and 77 times of BOK15-40 in flower bud. The tremendous disparity of sulforaphane content among different germplasms suggests considerable variations in germplasms' medicinal potentials. In addition, we systemically characterized a series of morphological and phenotypic traits of all 47 Chinese broccoli germplasms. Cluster analysis through NTSYSpc v2.2 showed that the 47 germplasms were classified into five different groups, respectively, based on sulforaphane content and qualitative phenotypic traits. Our results not only confirmed the medicinal values of Chinese broccoli but also provided crucial information that will eventually benefit future germplasm development and new variety breeding.

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Effects of Root Temperature on the Plant Growth and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra Bailey)

Cited by 20 publications

References 69 publications

Drought tolerance inBrassica napusis accompanied with enhanced antioxidative protection, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation at seedling stage

Drought tolerance inBrassica napusis accompanied with enhanced antioxidative protection, photosynthetic and hormonal regulation at seedling stage

Effects of Short-Term Root Cooling before Harvest on Yield and Food Quality of Chinese Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Alboglabra Bailey)

Profiling of sulforaphane content in forty‐seven Chinese broccoli germplasms

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