Effects of Rolling on the Composition and Utilization by Growing Steers of Whole-Plant Corn Silage

Rojas-Bourrillón, Augusto; Russell, James R.; Trenkle, Allen; McGilliard, A.D.

doi:10.2527/jas1987.641303x

Cited by 39 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…The low pH may result from decreased particle size of corn, increased proliferation of lactic acid producing bacteria, and higher lactate accumulation (Rojas-Bourrillon et al 1989). Also, a lower DM loss is associated with higher lactate level in MPCS (Johnson et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of mechanical processing of corn silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in situ bacterial colonization and dry matter degradation

Kozakai¹,

Nakamura²,

Kobayashi³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. Effect of mechanical processing of corn silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in situ bacterial colonization and dry matter degradation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 259-267. Rumen fermentation and bacterial colonization of mechanically processed corn silage were evaluated in a series of in vitro and in situ experiments using ruminally cannulated cows. Data from rumen-simulated continuous culture (Rusitec) showed that total VFA concentration was increased (P < 0.001) by feeding processed corn silage, while pH was reduced (P < 0.001) and ammonia nitrogen remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Mechanical processing enhanced the in situ rate and extent of dry matter disappearance for corn stems and kernels, respectively (P < 0.05). It also enhanced in situ, the initial attachment of rumen bacteria responsible for corn digestion, as monitored by real-time PCR. The16S rDNA copy numbers of amylolytic and lipolytic bacteria, such as Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, Ruminobacter amylophilus and Anaerovibrio lipolytica, attached to corn kernels were increased for processed corn silage (P < 0.05), in particular at 2 h after the start of incubation. In addition, corn stemattached cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria, such as Fibrobacter succinogenes, ruminococci and Eubacterium ruminantium, increased in 16S rDNA copy numbers for processed corn silage (P < 0.05). This was observed for the initial incubation period from 10 min to 2 h. These results demonstrate more rapid attachment and heavier colonization of rumen bacteria to the processed compared with the unprocessed silage, which facilitates ruminal digestion and fermentation.Key words: Corn silage, mechanical processing, rumen fermentation, bacteria, attachment Kozakai, K., Nakamura, T., Kobayashi, Y., Tanigawa, T., Osaka, I., Kawamoto, S. et Hara, S. 2007. Incidence du conditionnement mécanique sur la fermentation in vitro de l'ensilage de maïs dans le rumen ainsi que sur sa colonisation par les bactéries et la dégradation de la matière sèche in situ. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 259-267. Les auteurs ont étudié la fermentation de l'ensilage de maïs conditionné mécaniquement et sa colonisation par les bactéries du rumen dans le cadre d'une série d'expéri-ences in situ et in vitro en recourant à des vaches canulées au rumen. Les données issues des cultures continues simulant le rumen (Rusitec) montrent que le conditionnement de l'ensilage augmente la concentration totale d'acides gras volatils (P < 0,001) tout en réduisant le pH (P < 0,001), sans modification de la concentration d'azote ammoniacal (P > 0,05). Le conditionnement mécanique accroît le taux de disparition in situ de la matière sèche et la quantité totale de matière sèche dégradée, respectivement pour les rafles et les grains de maïs (P < 0,05). In situ, il améliore aussi la fixation initiale des bactéries du rumen responsables de la digestion du maïs, telle que suivie par PCR en temps réel. On note une hausse du nombre de copies de l'ADNr 16S des bactéries amylolytiques et lipolytiques comme Succinivibrio dextrinos...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Processing of whole corn plants with steel rollers after harvesting is an attractive technology to physically disrupt mature kernels (Rojas-Bourrillon et al 1989). This method breaks the hard layer of kernels, especially those harvested at mature stages, and improves digestion of starch (Ebling and Kung 2004) and possibly lipid contained within the kernel.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of mechanical processing of corn silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in situ bacterial colonization and dry matter degradation

Kozakai¹,

Nakamura²,

Kobayashi³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…However, it has not until recently been in common use in North America, partly because most farmers use pull-type forage harvesters for which processors were not commercially available before 1998. Another reason for limited interest in crop processing is the small response reported in several North American studies with corn silage (Buck et al 1969;Miller et al 1969;Larsen 1979;Rojas-Bourrillon et al 1987). Most of these studies were carried out with finely cut (3 to 10 mm TLC) silage and with varieties containing less than 25% grain on a DM basis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ruminal degradability of alfalfa and corn after processing or maceration

Savoie¹,

Tremblay²,

Petit³

1999

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 1999. Ruminal degradability of alfalfa and corn after processing or maceration. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 361-368. The effects of mechanical treatment on ruminal degradability of alfalfa and corn were determined in three experiments using nylon bags incubated in the rumen of two fistulated dry cows. The first experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design applied to chopped alfalfa at two levels of mechanical treatment (processing with two corrugated rolls in a forage harvester or no processing), two throughput rates (medium or high) and two moisture contents (after a 4-h or a 24-h field wilting period prior to processing). The second experiment was a 2 × 2 factorial design applied to chopped corn at two levels of mechanical treatment (processed or not) and two throughput rates (medium or high). In these two experiments, forages were immediately frozen (not fermented) for later degradability measurements. In the third experiment, alfalfa was mowed either with a conventional mower-windrower or an experimental mower-macerator with three corrugated rolls. After 40 h of field wilting, alfalfa was dehydrated and processed into pellets. In the first experiment (chopped and frozen alfalfa), throughput, processing and wilting period had no effect (P > 0.05) on the effective degradability of DM, CP, NDF and ADF. In the second experiment, DM degradability of chopped corn decreased with an increased throughput (46.4% vs. 43.7%) but increased with processing (43.9% vs. 46.2%). Processing also increased CP degradability of corn. In the third experiment, maceration with subsequent field wilting during 40 h and dehydration produced alfalfa pellets with a higher degradability of DM (56.0% vs. 50.4%) and of NDF (27.1% vs. 17.3%) than pellets from non-macerated alfalfa. These results suggest that the increase in ruminal degradability is greater with alfalfa macerated and wilted in the field (exp. 3) than with alfalfa frozen immediately after harvesting and processing (exp. 1). Maceration probably reduced the loss of nutrients by decreasing field respiration. Processing of corn may have increased the ruminal degradability because of increased kernel breakage that facilitated starch digestion.Key words: Maceration, crop processing, ruminal degradability, alfalfa, corn Savoie, P., Tremblay, G. F. et Petit, H. V. 1999. Dégradabilité ruminale de la luzerne et du maïs après le broyage ou le surconditionnement. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 79: 361-368. Les effets de traitements mécaniques sur la dégradabilité ruminale de la luzerne et du maïs ont été déterminés lors de trois expériences en utilisant des sachets de nylon incubés dans le rumen de deux vaches taries fistulées. Le premier essai était un dispositif factoriel 2 × 2 × 2 appliqué à la luzerne hachée avec deux niveaux de traitement mécanique (un module de broyage à deux rouleaux rainurés intégrés dans un fourragère ou aucun broyage), deux débits (moyen ou élevé) et deux teneurs en eau (après 4 h ou 24 h de fanage au champ avant le traitement mécanique). La deuxième expérience était un disposi...

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“…No differences were observed in the concentration of organic matter (OM), CP, starch or ether extract in processed CS compared with those in unprocessed CS. Other studies also reported that MP had no effect on OM, CP, starch and ether extract concentrations in CS (Rojas‐Bourrillon et al . 1987; Andrae et al .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of roll clearance of mechanical processing of corn silage harvested at the black‐line stage of maturity on carbohydrate and protein utilization in dairy cows

Tanigawa

Oosaka

Kawamoto

et al. 2011

Animal Science Journal

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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of roll clearance of mechanical processing of whole plant corn silage (CS) on carbohydrate and protein utilization in dairy cows. Treated CS was harvested at the black-line stage of maturity and chopped at a theoretical length of cut (TLC) of 9.5 mm without processing or at a TLC of 19 mm with processing at a roll clearance of 1, 3 and 5 mm. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated dry cows were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design for 14-day periods. Cows were fed diets containing 77% CS and 23% soybean meal (dry matter basis) to equalize the crude protein supply. Mechanical processing had no significant effect on dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Ruminal and total tract starch digestibility and total digestible nutrients tended to be higher with processing at a roll clearance of 1 or 3 mm than at 5 mm. Microbial nitrogen efficiency in cows did not differ among all treatment groups. These results suggest that when CS is harvested at the black-line stage of maturity, roll clearance should be 3 mm or less with a TLC of 19 mm.

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Effects of Rolling on the Composition and Utilization by Growing Steers of Whole-Plant Corn Silage

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of mechanical processing of corn silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in situ bacterial colonization and dry matter degradation

Effect of mechanical processing of corn silage on in vitro ruminal fermentation, and in situ bacterial colonization and dry matter degradation

Ruminal degradability of alfalfa and corn after processing or maceration

Effect of roll clearance of mechanical processing of corn silage harvested at the black‐line stage of maturity on carbohydrate and protein utilization in dairy cows

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