Effects of roads, topography, and land use on forest cover dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Freitas, Sérgio de; Hawbaker, Todd J.; Metzger, Jean Paul

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.036

Cited by 191 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…A Cobertura Florestal em Paisagens... Floresta e Ambiente 2017; 24: e00134115 inicialmente, uma vez que a cobertura florestal deve ser inversamente relacionada com a proximidade de centros urbanos e densidade de estradas (Freitas et al, 2010). No entanto, a maior cobertura florestal próxima da malha urbana pode estar ligada à menor presença da agropecuária tradicional em favor de uma utilização das terras para turismo rural.…”

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“…Atividades geradoras de renda com baixo impacto sobre as paisagens, como é o caso do turismo rural, que combina atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas (Brasil, 2010), e a implantação de sistemas florestais e agroflorestais, que podem gerar renda e auxiliar na tarefa de recuperação das paisagens degradadas (Ranta et al, 1998;Gomes, 2004;Francelino et al, 2012) representam alternativas que poderiam ajudar na conservação dos recursos naturais. Por outro lado, a proximidade com grandes centros urbanos pode fazer aumentar o número de construções e estradas e acabar contribuindo para a redução da cobertura florestal (Freitas et al, 2010).…”

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A Cobertura Florestal em Paisagens do Médio Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul

2017

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A contínua substituição da cobertura florestal pelo cultivo agrícola e a urbanização causaram alterações na maior parte do bioma Mata Atlântica no Brasil. O entendimento da interação entre os fatores físicos, antrópicos e da cobertura vegetal em uma paisagem é de fundamental importância para oferecer subsídios ao planejamento territorial de forma sustentável. Este estudo investigou a influência da altitude, declividade e orientação das vertentes na cobertura florestal em três diferentes paisagens no município de Vassouras, RJ. No geral, as áreas analisadas apresentaram a cobertura florestal fragmentada, porém foi observada uma paisagem com maior cobertura florestal do que pastagens. Entre as variáveis analisadas, a altitude e a declividade apresentaram uma relação positiva com a cobertura florestal. As paisagens estavam inseridas em diferentes contextos socioeconômicos que podem também determinar a distribuição da cobertura florestal atual. A região estudada oferece atributos socioambientais específicos de cada paisagem, cuja compreensão deve ser útil ao planejamento ambiental.Palavras-chave: fragmentação florestal, ecologia de paisagens, uso do solo, pastagens, vassouras. Forest Cover in Landscapes of the Middle Valley of Paraiba River ABSTRACTThe continuous replacement of forest covers for crops and urban areas changed most of the Atlantic Forest biome in Brazil. Hence, understanding the interaction between the forest cover, physical and anthropic factors in a landscape is essential in order to provide subsidies for sustainable land use. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of the altitude, declivity, and slope orientation on the forest cover of three landscapes in the municipality of Vassouras. In general, Vassouras showed fragmented forest covers, but we observed a landscape covered more by forests than pastures. Among the variables analyzed, altitude and declivity showed a positive relationship with forest cover. The analyzed landscapes were inserted in different socio-economical contexts, which can also affect the current forest cover distribution. The socio-environmental attributes of those landscapes are specific and their understanding can be strategic for environmental planning.

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A Cobertura Florestal em Paisagens do Médio Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul

2017

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“…In a high species richness and low abundance condition, it is necessary a community level approach gathering many species with different behavior and dispersal capacity. In tropics, land use and land cover changes in decades representing habitat loss and expansion of crops, pasture or urban areas (Dobrovolski et al, 2011;Freitas et al, 2010;Soares-Filho et al, 2004) and then, there is a risk of building a wildlife crossing where in a near future could be an ecological "dead-end". Considering landscape dynamics, understand which landscape characteristics indicate road-kill events may also provide models that can be applied in other regions and adaptable to changes because the mitigation measure would be associated to a landscape feature instead to road-kill aggregations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat or matrix: which is more relevant to predict road-kill of vertebrates?

2015

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We believe that in tropics we need a community approach to evaluate road impacts on wildlife, and thus, suggest mitigation measures for groups of species instead a focal-species approach. Understanding which landscape characteristics indicate road-kill events may also provide models that can be applied in other regions. We intend to evaluate if habitat or matrix is more relevant to predict road-kill events for a group of species. Our hypothesis is: more permeable matrix is the most relevant factor to explain road-kill events. To test this hypothesis, we chose vertebrates as the studied assemblage and a highway crossing in an Atlantic Forest region in southeastern Brazil as the study site. Logistic regression models were designed using presence/absence of road-kill events as dependent variables and landscape characteristics as independent variables, which were selected by Akaike's Information Criterion. We considered a set of candidate models containing four types of simple regression models: Habitat effect model; Matrix types effect models; Highway effect model; and, Reference models (intercept and buffer distance). Almost three hundred road-kills and 70 species were recorded. River proximity and herbaceous vegetation cover, both matrix effect models, were associated to most road-killed vertebrate groups. Matrix was more relevant than habitat to predict road-kill of vertebrates. The association between river proximity and road-kill indicates that rivers may be a preferential route for most species. We discuss multi-species mitigation measures and implications to movement ecology and conservation strategies.Keywords: connectivity, conservation, landscape ecology, rivers, road ecology.Habitat ou matriz: qual é mais relevante para prever atropelamentos de vertebrados? ResumoNós acreditamos que nos trópicos, precisamos de uma abordagem de comunidade para avaliar os impactos das estradas sobre a vida silvestre, e então, sugerir medidas de mitigação para grupos de espécies ao invés da abordagem de espécie-foco. Compreender quais características da paisagem indicam eventos de atropelamento podem também fornecer modelos que podem ser aplicados em outras regiões. Nós pretendemos avaliar se habitat ou matriz é mais relevante para prever eventos de atropelamento para grupos de espécies. Nossa hipótese é: matriz mais permeável é o fator mais relevante para explicar os eventos de atropelamentos. Para testar essa hipótese, escolhemos vertebrados como a assembléia estudada e uma rodovia cruzando uma região de Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil como área de estudo. Modelos de regressão logística foram criados usando presença/ausência de eventos de atropelamentos como variáveis dependentes e características da paisagem como variáveis independentes, os quais foram selecionados pelo Critério de Informação de Akaike. Nós consideramos um conjunto de modelos candidatos contendo quatro tipos de modelos de regressão simples: modelo de efeito de habitat; modelos de efeito de tipos de matriz; modelo de efeito da rodovia; e, mode...

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“…In the last 50 years, increased accessibility and consequent land appreciation in São Paulo led high valued suburban real-estate and industrial areas grow around larger cities, presently driving land-use and land-cover dynamics in the region (Freitas et al 2010). In this way, even if constructed after deforestation processes took place, roads still may affect the spatial distribution of native vegetation and the efficiency of many conservation reserves due to more intense human proximity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Are Native Vegetation and Reserves Affected by Different Road Types in a Southeastern Brazilian State?

Freitas

Sousa²,

Bôscolo³

et al. 2013

Oecol. Austr.

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Reducing connectivity, road networks may threaten the effectiveness of natural reserves, thus, representing a critical conservation matter. This work aims to: 1) evaluate the relationship between native vegetation cover and road distance; 2) evaluate the extent to which native vegetation and nature reserves are affected by roads. Our study area was a neotropical landscape in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We divided the study area into 15 subregions to represent its high heterogeneity. First, we demarcated buffer zones of 10 different distances around each road, and quantified the density of roads and native vegetation cover. Second, we estimated the area ecologically affected by roads, the roadeffect zone, using buffers of increasing distances according to each road type. The most dense road network was found in the São Paulo Metropolitan area and the lowest was the Southern Coastline subregion, but this subregion showed the second highest expressway density. These two subregions had stronger positive relationships between native vegetation cover and road distance. Almost 10% of São Paulo state, about 6% of the remaining native vegetation, and more than 10% of the reserves were ecologically affected by roads. More than 50% of reserves were ecologically affected, and some have more than 60% of their territory affected. Threats related to proximity of roads, i.e. logging, may reduce effectiveness of more than 50% of natural reserves. Thus, we propose that identifying priority areas for integral conservation of pristine environments should include mostly remote areas, which are far from larger roads and under lower general road influence.

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Effects of roads, topography, and land use on forest cover dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Cited by 191 publications

References 57 publications

A Cobertura Florestal em Paisagens do Médio Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul

A Cobertura Florestal em Paisagens do Médio Vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul

Habitat or matrix: which is more relevant to predict road-kill of vertebrates?

How Are Native Vegetation and Reserves Affected by Different Road Types in a Southeastern Brazilian State?

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