Effects of reversible bilateral inactivation of face primary motor cortex on mastication and swallowing

Yamamura, Kensuke; Narita, Noriyuki; Yao, Dongyuan; Martin, Ruth Elwood; Masuda, Yuji; Sessle, Barry J.

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02705-1

Cited by 63 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Electrical stimulation of primary motor cortex in owl monkeys [Preuss et al, 1996], squirrel monkeys [Hast and Milojevic, 1966], macaques [Hast et al, 1974;McGuinness et al, 1980;Gentilucci et al, 1988], and chimpanzees [Bailey et al, 1950] has been shown to evoke movements of the mouth, tongue, jaw, and vocal cords but few, if any, normal vocalizations or complete facial expressions. Results of electrical stimulation and lesion studies in primates implicate the orofacial region of primary motor cortex in swallowing and chewing Narita et al, 1999Narita et al, , 2002Yamamura et al, 2002;Yao et al, 2002a, b]. In addition to these ingestive functions, the primary motor cortex also participates in circuits that regulate volitional control of learned motor patterns of the orofacial muscles [Murray and Sessle, 1992b, c;Lin et al, 1994a, b;Salmelin and Sams, 2002].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

et al. 2004

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Social life in anthropoid primates is mediated by interindividual communication, involving movements of the orofacial muscles for the production of vocalization and gestural expression. Although phylogenetic diversity has been reported in the auditory and visual communication systems of primates, little is known about the comparative neuroanatomy that subserves orofacial movement. The current study reports results from quantitative image analysis of the region corresponding to orofacial representation of primary motor cortex (Brodmann’s area 4) in several catarrhine primate species (Macaca fascicularis, Papio anubis, Pongo pygmaeus, Gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes, and Homo sapiens) using the Grey Level Index method. This cortical region has been implicated in the execution of skilled motor activities such as voluntary facial expression and human speech. Density profiles of the laminar distribution of Nissl-stained neuronal somata were acquired from high-resolution images to quantify cytoarchitectural patterns. Despite general similarity in these profiles across catarrhines, multivariate analysis showed that cytoarchitectural patterns of individuals were more similar within-species versus between-species. Compared to Old World monkeys, the orofacial representation of area 4 in great apes and humans was characterized by an increased relative thickness of layer III and overall lower cell volume densities, providing more neuropil space for interconnections. These phylogenetic differences in microstructure might provide an anatomical substrate for the evolution of greater volitional fine motor control of facial expressions in great apes and humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical Orofacial Motor Representation in Old World Monkeys, Great Apes, and Humans

et al. 2004

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“…The population of rhythmogenic neurons could vary constantly and in an adapted manner according to the pattern of incoming inputs. Interestingly, NVsnpr neurons also receive glutamatergic projections from the cortical masticatory area, known to be important for initiation of the movements and the first few cycles of a masticatory sequence 41 . Stimulation of this area elicits mastication in vivo but only when trains of stimuli are delivered at frequencies ranging between 20 and 100 Hz and optimally around 40-50 Hz 42 .…”

Section: Functional Significance: Switch Of Neuronal Function In Terrmentioning

confidence: 99%

An astrocyte-dependent mechanism for neuronal rhythmogenesis

et al. 2015

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ABSTRACT:Communication between neurons rests on their capacity to change their firing pattern to encode different messages. For several vital functions, such as respiration and mastication, neurons need to generate a rhythmic firing pattern. Here we show in the rat trigeminal sensori-motor circuit for mastication that this ability depends on regulation of the extracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] e ) by astrocytes. In this circuit, astrocytes respond to sensory stimuli that induce neuronal rhythmic activity, and their blockade with a Ca 2+ chelator prevents neurons from generating a rhythmic bursting pattern.This ability is restored by adding S100β, an astrocytic Ca 2+ -binding protein, to the extracellular space, while application of an anti-S100β antibody prevents generation of rhythmic activity. These results indicate that astrocytes regulate a fundamental neuronal property: the capacity to change firing pattern. These findings may have broad implications for many other neural networks whose functions depend on the generation of rhythmic activity.

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“…Those involved with working the food into a bolus are the reduction series, Stage IIa chewing (Masuda et al, 1997;Morimoto et al, 1985), rhythmic chewing period Ootaki et al, 2004;Yamamura et al, 2002), or Type II chews (Schwartz et al, 1989). Those involved with preparing the food for swallowing by introducing the food into the pharynx are the preswallow series, Stage IIb chews (Masuda et al, 1997;Morimoto et al, 1985), the preswallow period Ootaki et al, 2004;Yamamura et al, 2002), or Type III chews (Schwartz et al, 1989).…”

Section: Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 99%