Effects of Resistance Training on Strength, Power, and Selected Functional Abilities of Women Aged 75 and Older

Skelton, Dawn; Young, Archie; Greig, Carolyn; Malbut, KE

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07004.x

Cited by 391 publications

(269 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Finally, the two training programmes employed in the present study appear to have enhanced habitual function, more successfully than previous studies' attempts to do so, particularly where the get-upand-go test is concerned (Earles et al 2001;Fiatarone et al 1990;Schlicht et al 2001;Skelton et al 1995). Nevertheless, our findings of improved function with training do corroborate with the findings of some earlier studies (Skelton et al 1997;Taaffe et al 1999), even where the lower intensity group is concerned.…”

Section: Functional Abilities Changes With Exercise Trainingsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Influence of exercise intensity in older persons with unchanged habitual nutritional intake: skeletal muscle and endocrine adaptations

Onambélé-Pearson

Breen

Stewart

2010

AGE

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Long-term adherence to training programmes is difficult to attain. Yet, the benefits of exercise to general health and well-being are undeniable. Any measure to demonstrate the minimum required exercise for maximal benefit to a person is a promising avenue towards increasing the uptake and adherence to physical activity for the general public. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different intensities of resistance training in healthy older adults. We hypothesised that compared to high-intensity resistance exercise, relatively low training intensity could also improve in vivo markers of healthy physiologic and endocrine functions in previously sedentary older individuals. Thirty (out of a possible 34 recruited) older adults were randomly assigned to low (LowR, i.e. ∼40% one repetition maximum (1RM)) versus high-resistance training (HighR, i.e. ∼80% 1RM) for 12 weeks. Neither intervention significantly impacted upon body composition markers including: body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio and bioelectric impedance. Muscle strength data showed an advantage for the HighR protocol with 51±4% and 22.4±10.2% (P<0.05) improvements in 1RM strength and bilateral knee extension torque, respectively, compared with 17±1% and 10.3±4.7% (P<0.05) increments in 1RM strength and bilateral torque in the LowR group. Unilateral torque did not change significantly in either group. Quadriceps muscle thickness data also showed a significantly greater benefit of the HighR protocol (5.8±2.6% increase) compared with the LowR protocol (no change). Functional ability tests, including Get-up-and-go (GUG), Standing from lying and the 6-min walk, showed changes of −11.6 ± 4.8%, −15.6% and 8.5±1.7% (P<0.05), respectively, in HighR compared with only one significant improvement in the LowR, namely a −10.8±3% (P<0.05) improvement in the GUG test. Overnight fasting serum levels of IGFBP-3 increased, NPY decreased and TNF-α decreased significantly in the LowR group. Serum levels of glucose increased and NPY decreased significantly in HighR. Circulating levels of I, IL-6 and IGF-1 did not change with either intervention. In vivo physiologic changes show functional advantages for older persons carrying out AGE (2010) 32:139-153

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Section: Functional Abilities Changes With Exercise Trainingsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…The tests of functional ability were all performed on 1 day at the outset and completion of the study and were similar to a battery of functional tests performed by participants in previous research (Chandler et al 1998;Skelton et al 1995).…”

Section: Functional Abilities Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of exercise intensity in older persons with unchanged habitual nutritional intake: skeletal muscle and endocrine adaptations

Onambélé-Pearson

Breen

Stewart

2010

AGE

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“…Despite HGS not differing by level of physical activity, regardless of lateral dominance, the results show a clear upward trend of strength as individuals move from the inactive group to the active. According results found by Skelton et al, 29 in an intervention study, a significant improvement in HGS was found in the group of active elderly persons compared to the group that did not undergo the intervention. The elderly who belonged to the active group underwent a program consisting of resistance exercises for a period of three months, three times a week.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Association between handgrip strength and physical activity in hypertensive elderly individuals

Mattioli

Cavalli

Ribeiro

et al. 2015

Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol.

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Introduction: Handgrip is an excellent indicator of functionality, nutritional status and mortality among the elderly. Objective: To compare the handgrip strength of hypertensive elderly individuals classified by different levels and types of physical activity. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 80 individuals divided into three physical activity groups, according to the leisure-time and transportation sections of the long version of the IPAQ: active (≥150 min/week), insufficiently active (<150 min/ week) and sedentary (10 min/week). The active individuals were also separated by type of physical activity: gymnastics, hydro gymnastics and weight training. Strength was measured by a Jamar dynamometer and consisted of a continuous handgrip movement lasting for 30 seconds. Information about demographic, socio-economic and behavioral variables was collected by questionnaire. ANOVA and paired t-test were used to compare the means of strength. The significance level was 5%. Results: Dominant and non-dominant handgrip average was 24.2 kgf (+8.3) and 22.0 kgf (+7.3), respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean handgrip strength between the active and sedentary groups; however, when the type of physical activity was evaluated, the weightlifting group had a significantly higher mean than the gym and aerobics groups. Conclusion: Handgrip strength seems to be associated with the type of activity performed, rather than the amount of time the activity is performed per week.

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“…These results are, however, in line with previous studies hypothesizing that decreased lower extremity muscle power may be the key factor in age-related decline of physical performance (Runge et al 2004) and functional capacity (Bassey et al 1992;Bean et al 2003;Yamauchi et al 2010). Muscle power is lower in older individuals, the decline in maximal power takes place before failure in muscle strength (Skelton et al 1995) and is greater than in muscle strength (Häkkinen et al 1998;Macaluso and De Vito 2004). Lower extremity muscle power has also been shown to be a performance-based function, which is assumed to be caused by the fact that daily living tasks such as walking or rising from a chair are dynamic movements that require power production (Aalund et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between muscle strength, spirometric pulmonary function and mobility in healthy older adults

Sillanpää

Stenroth

Bijlsma

et al. 2014

AGE

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Pathological obstruction in lungs leads to severe decreases in muscle strength and mobility in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interdependency between muscle strength, spirometric pulmonary functions and mobility outcomes in healthy older men and women, where skeletal muscle and pulmonary function decline without interference of overt disease. A total of 135 69-to 81-year-old participants were recruited into the cross-sectional study, which was performed as a part of European study MyoAge. Full, partial and no mediation models were constructed to assess the interdependency between muscle strength (handgrip strength, knee extension torque, lower extremity muscle power), spirometric pulmonary function (FVC, FEV 1 and FEF50) and mobility (6-min walk and Timed Up and Go tests). The models were adjusted for age, sex, total fat mass, body height and site of AGE (2014) enrolment. Partial mediation models, indicating both direct and pulmonary function mediated associations between muscle strength and mobility, fitted best to the data. Greater handgrip strength was significantly associated with higher FVC, FEV1 and FEF50 (p<0.05). Greater muscle power was significantly associated with better performance in mobility tests. Results suggest that decline in mobility with aging may be caused by decreases in both muscle strength and power but also mediated through decreases in spirometric pulmonary function. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to better understand how loss of function and mass of the respiratory muscles will affect pulmonary function among older people and how these changes are linked to mobility decline.

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Effects of Resistance Training on Strength, Power, and Selected Functional Abilities of Women Aged 75 and Older

Abstract: Progressive resistance exercise can produce substantial increases in muscle strength and in power standardized for body weight in healthy, very old women. However, isolated increases in strength and LEP/kg may confer only limited functional benefit in healthy, independent, very old women.

Cited by 391 publications

References 25 publications

Influence of exercise intensity in older persons with unchanged habitual nutritional intake: skeletal muscle and endocrine adaptations

Influence of exercise intensity in older persons with unchanged habitual nutritional intake: skeletal muscle and endocrine adaptations

Association between handgrip strength and physical activity in hypertensive elderly individuals

Associations between muscle strength, spirometric pulmonary function and mobility in healthy older adults

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