Effects of repeated application of dichlobenil in a commercial apple orchard

Khan, Shahamat U.; Miller, S. R.

doi:10.1021/jf00114a061

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The hydrolysis of DCB has been shown to occur in soils (Verloop andNimmo 1970, Chowdhury et al 1981), aquatic environments (Miyazaki, Sikka and Lynch 1975), and in an apple orchard (Khan and Miller 1982). DCB exhibits a moderate persistence in soil (Verloop and Nimmo 1970), and has been shown to translocate into apple trees (Khan and Miller 1982). It was concluded that DCB is a possible contaminant in the food chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in rats and mice

et al. 1988

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1. Oral doses of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (DCB) were excreted by rats as DCB, two monohydroxy-DCBs, 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-6-(methylthio)benzamide and 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-6-[S-(N-acetyl)cysteinyl]benzamide (mercapturic acid). 2. Biliary excretion (33% of the dose), enterohepatic circulation and intestinal micro-floral metabolism were involved in formation of 2-chloro-5-hydroxy-6-(methylthio)benzamide, and the mercapturic acid served as a precursor. 3. Whole body autoradiography and microautoradiography showed the accumulation of non-extractable residues from DCB in the nasal mucosa and contents of the large intestines of rats and mice dosed with 14C-labelled DCB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in rats and mice

et al. 1988

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Dichlobenil and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) in the environment: What are the risks to humans and biota?

Björklund

Styrishave

Anskjær

et al. 2011

Science of The Total Environment

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Metabolism of 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile, 2,6-Dichlorothiobenzamide in Rodents and Goats

Bakke¹,

Larsen²,

Struble³

et al. 1988

Xenobiotica

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1. Twelve 14C-labelled metabolites were isolated from either urine or bile from either rats (11 metabolites) or goats (7 metabolites) given single oral doses of 2,6-dichlorobenzo[14C]nitrile (DCBN). Five of these metabolites were also excreted in urine from rats dosed orally with 2,6-dichlorothiobenz[14C]-amide (DCTBA). 2. All metabolites from either DCBN or DCTBA were benzonitriles with the following ring substituents: Cl2, OH (three isomers); Cl2, (OH)2; Cl, (OH)2; Cl, OH, SH; Cl, OH, SCH3; SCH3, SOCH3, OH; Cl2, S-(N-acetyl)cysteine; Cl, S-(N-acetyl)cysteine; Cl, OH, S-(N-acetyl)cysteine. 3. The thiobenzamide moiety of DCTBA was converted to the nitrile in all the excreted urinary metabolites. No hydrolysis of the nitrile in DCBN to either an amide or an acid was detected. 4. Urine was the major route for excretion; however, enterohepatic circulation occurred. 5. Whole-body autoradiography of 14C-DCBN and 14C-DCTBA in mice showed the presence of bound residues in the mucosa of the nasal cavity, trachea, tongue, oesophagus, the kidney, liver and the intestinal contents.

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Effects of repeated application of dichlobenil in a commercial apple orchard

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Metabolism of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in rats and mice

Metabolism of 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in rats and mice

Dichlobenil and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM) in the environment: What are the risks to humans and biota?

Metabolism of 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile, 2,6-Dichlorothiobenzamide in Rodents and Goats

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