Effects of regular training at the same time of day on diurnal fluctuations in muscular performance

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of time of day on the adaptation to strength training at maximal effort. Fourteen participants took part in this experiment. Their peak anaerobic power (Wingate anaerobic test) and peak knee extension torque at six angular velocities (1.05, 2.10, 3.14, 4.19, 5.24 and 6.29 rad x s(-1)) were recorded in the morning (between 07:00 and 08:00 h) and in the evening (between 17:00 and 18:00 h) just before and 2 weeks after a 6 week course of regular training. Seven of them trained only in the morning and seven only in the evening. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant group x pre-/post-training x time of day interaction effect for peak torque and peak anaerobic power. Before training, in both groups, peak torque and peak anaerobic power were significantly higher in the evening than in the morning. After training, there was no significant difference in peak torque and peak anaerobic power between the morning and the evening for the morning training group. In contrast, in the evening training group, peak torque and peak anaerobic power were higher in the evening than in the morning. As a result of training, both peak torque and peak anaerobic power increased from their initial values as expected. The morning training group improved their peak anaerobic power significantly in the morning and in the evening, the absolute increase being larger in the morning than in the evening. The evening training group did not improve their peak anaerobic power in the morning, whereas it improved significantly in the evening. Although peak torque was significantly improved by training in the morning and evening in both groups, the absolute increase was greater in the morning than in the evening in the morning training group, whereas the opposite was the case for the evening training group. These results suggest that training twice a week at a specific hour increases the peak torque and the peak anaerobic power specifically at this hour and demonstrates that there is a temporal specificity to strength training.

Cronobiological effects over performance in individual sports: a systematic review (2000-2015)

“…No que respeita à influência da hora do dia na produção de força e potência os resultados divergem: dois estudos observaram valores superiores de tarde (Souissi et al, 2002;Pedroso et al, 2013), um estudo conclui que os valores mais elevados se obtêm à noite (Pereira et al, 2011) e um outro não encontrou diferenças significativas ao longo do dia (Blonc et al, 2010). Por outro lado, um estudo defende que a coincidência entre as horas de treino e dos testes/competições melhora os resultados obtidos; no entanto, um dos trabalhos conclui que estes resultados não estão dependentes dos ritmos circadianos (Souissi et al, 2002;Blonc et al, 2010).…”

“…Por outro lado, um estudo defende que a coincidência entre as horas de treino e dos testes/competições melhora os resultados obtidos; no entanto, um dos trabalhos conclui que estes resultados não estão dependentes dos ritmos circadianos (Souissi et al, 2002;Blonc et al, 2010). Salientese que dois estudos verificaram uma associação entre o aumento dos valores da força/potência e o aumento da temperatura corporal (Pereira et al, 2011;Pedroso et al, 2013 …”

“…A quase totalidade dos estudos que realizaram testes de duração inferior a 5 minutos obtiveram valores de potência superiores no período da tarde (Souissi et al, 2002;Deschodt et al, 2004;Souissi et al, 2004;Kin-Isler, A., 2006;Souissi et al, 2007;Lericollais et al, 2009;Lericollais et al, 2011;Chtourou et al, 2012a;Chtourou et al, 2012b;Pedroso et al, 2013). Apenas um estudo não encontrou diferenças significativas ao longo do dia (Blonc et al, 2010).…”

“…Por outro lado, verificaram uma adaptação do organismo à hora de treino, o que originou uma melhoria dos resultados quando as horas dos testes e as horas dos treinos são coincidentes (Souissi et al, 2002;Carandente et al, 2006;Chtourou et al, 2012a;Chtourou et al, 2012b;Rae et al, 2015).…”

Effects of Eccentric Strength Training’s Time on Daily Plasma Testosterone Levels among Tunisian Sedentary Athletes

“…Indeed, highlighting its effects can't be done effectively only by using during the evaluation tests, the same patterns and speed of movement as those implemented at the workout itself (Sale and Dougall, 1981). Thus, it was suggested that the adaptations to training may depend on the time of its completion (Souissi et al, 2002). The theoretical basis of the temporal specificity of training is based on the fact that the majority of physiological parameters and adaptations to acute exercise have a circadian rhythm (Hill et al, 1989).…”