Effects of reduction of nerve centers on the development of residual ganglia and on nerve patterns in the wing of the chick embryo

Castro, G de

doi:10.1002/jez.1401520305

J. Exp. Zool.

1963

DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401520305

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Effects of reduction of nerve centers on the development of residual ganglia and on nerve patterns in the wing of the chick embryo

G de Castro

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1966

1992

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Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

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The differentiation of the skin and its appendages. II. Altered development of papillary ridges following neuralectomy

1992

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In order to test the hypothesis that the nervous system is an important determinant of skin differentiation, deletions of the left lumbosacral dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), the sources of cutaneous afferents to the left hindpaw, were performed on opossum pups at day 1 when hindpaws have just begun to be innervated. At birth, each lumbosacral DRG measures about 200 microns rostrocaudally and a deletion measuring 1 mm would span 4-5 DRGs. Following survival periods of 5-24 days, serial sections through the trunk documented partial left lumbosacral DRG deletion and a variable degree of spinal cord destruction. The blood supply to the trunk and hindpaws was preserved. Bilateral enlargement of residual DRGs was observed and regenerating skin at the site of the deletion was hyperplastic and hyperinnervated. The skin of the plantar pads of the hindpaws was studied following the neuralectomies. Statistically significant differences were observed between the left (experimental) and right (control) hindpaws. The density of innervation of the left hindpaw was reduced compared to the right hindpaw, development of papillary ridges was retarded by 3-4 days, and non-innervated Merkel cells were hypogranulated. This period of delay in ridge development is probably a reflection of the expansion of residual DRGs into the peripheral domains of deleted DRGs. The present study confirms a role for afferent nerves in the timing of cutaneous differentiation and a mutual trophic dependence between cutaneous nerves and Merkel cells in the epidermis.

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The differentiation of the skin and its appendages. II. Altered development of papillary ridges following neuralectomy

1992

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Growth alteration in the auditory cortex of visually deprived mice

Gyllensten

Malmfors

Norrlin

1966

J of Comparative Neurology

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The diameter of cell nuclei and mean volume of internuclear material p e r nucleus were determined in the auditory cortex in growing and adult mice. The influence of stay in complete darkness for 2-4 months was investigated.In growing mice, a decrease in nuclear size and relative volume of internuclear material was observed after two months in the dark from birth. Prolonged stay in the dark caused an increase in nuclear size and internuclear material, and the hypotrophy of the auditory cortex was succeeded by hypertrophy after four months in the dark from birth. In adult mice, reared in darkness for three months from four to seven months of age, similar hypertrophy of the auditory cortex was recorded.Compared to the findings in the striate cortex of visually deprived mice (in a previous investigation), the initial hypotrophy of the auditory cortex after visual deprivation was less pronounccd than the hypotrophy observed in the visual cortex. In the latter, n o late hypertrophy occurred after prolonged stay in the dark, and hypotrophy was found in the adult, visually deprived mice, and not hypertrophy as in the auditory cortex. The possibility of compensatory auditory training and cortical hypertrophy is discussed.

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The growth of muscle nerves in relation to the formation of primary myotubes in the developing chick forelimb

Noakes

Everett

Bennett

1986

J of Comparative Neurology

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A study has been made of the development of muscle nerves to primary myotube clusters destined to become the flexor carpi ulnaris (fcu) and flexor digitorum profundus (fdp) muscles in the avian forelimb. Myotubes and nerves were identified by immunofluorescent techniques using antibodies to the heavy and light subunits of myosin and neurofilament, respectively. At stage 24 the main ventral nerve trunk (the brachialis longus inferior nerve; bli n) had entered the limb before the appearance of myotubes in the limb. At stage 25/26 the bli n within the ventral compartment of the forearm had given rise to the interosseus nerve (in n) and the medial-ulnar nerve (m-u n) at the junction of the stylopodium and zeugopodium. The first few myotubes of the fdp and fcu muscles were observed at this level within the ventral premuscle cell mass; however, no nerves projected toward these myotubes from either the in n or the m-u n at this time. At stage 26/27 the fcu and the fdp muscles each consisted of clusters of 20-40 myotubes; each cluster was clearly delineated within the ventral premuscle cell mass. By this time small groups of axons had left the in n and the m-u n to grow into the fdp and fcu myotube clusters, respectively; these axons formed the muscle nerves. At stage 28/29 the number of primary myotubes in the clusters composing the fdp and fcu muscles had greatly increased, as did the size of the muscle nerves; each muscle was still clearly identifiable within the ventral muscle mass. By stage 32 the fdp and fcu muscles had clearly separated and the muscle nerves had divided into several well-spaced branches within each muscle. The present observations show that the main nerve trunks grow into the limb before the formation of myotubes expressing myosin isozymes. When myotubes do form they appear in small clusters at specific sites within the premuscle mass, before muscle nerves appear; a distinct muscle is destined to form from each of these clusters. Muscle nerves first branch from the main limb nerves when the myotube cluster contains more than about ten myotubes.

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Effects of reduction of nerve centers on the development of residual ganglia and on nerve patterns in the wing of the chick embryo

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

The differentiation of the skin and its appendages. II. Altered development of papillary ridges following neuralectomy

The differentiation of the skin and its appendages. II. Altered development of papillary ridges following neuralectomy

Growth alteration in the auditory cortex of visually deprived mice

The growth of muscle nerves in relation to the formation of primary myotubes in the developing chick forelimb

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