Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Slope Gradient on Runoff  and Soil Moisture Content on Different Growing Stages of Spring Maize

Mu, Wenbin; Yu, Fuliang; Li, Chuanzhe; Xie, Yongshuai; Tian, Jiyang; Liu, Jia; Zhao, Ning

doi:10.3390/w7062990

Cited by 103 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…Soil exposure interrupts evapotranspiration, caused by evaporation of water intercepted in the leaves and physiological transpiration of plants, increasing runoff and soil loss (Zhang et al, 2015;Eum et al, 2016;Silva et al, 2016) when compared to soils occupied by pasture and seasonal crops (Zhao et al, 2014). Intermediate and final stage crops have high evapotranspiration rates and water demand (Mu et al, 2015;Gondim et al, 2017), as well as higher hydraulic conductivities, proportional to the diameter and length of roots (Yu et al, 2016), increasing water infiltration, slowing runoff, and reducing flow peaks (Sanyal et al, 2014;Tesemma et al, 2015;Napoli et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Changes in soil cover have been addressed in several studies on the effects of urbanization (Suriya & Mudgal, 2012;Zope et al, 2016;Niemi et al, 2017), evolution of anthropogenic occupation in watersheds (Fang et al, 2012;Sanyal et al, 2014;Rodriguez-Lloveras et al, 2015;Napoli et al, 2017;Welde & Gebremariam, 2017), and influence of vegetation cover (Marques et al, 2007;Mu et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2016;Yu et al, 2016) on the balance between the elements of the hydrological cycle. However, few studies have sought to investigate the effects of the seasonality of agricultural soil use on runoff Engenharia Agrícola, Jaboticabal, v.39, n.5, p.592-599, sep./oct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seasonal Dynamics of Agricultural Soil Cover in Runoff Generation

et al. 2019

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Seasonal changes in agricultural soil use due to agroclimatic conditions affect the water cycle in watersheds. This study aimed to understand the temporal variation of runoff inherent to the seasonal occupation dynamics of the agricultural soil in the basin that drains the upper valley of the Marrecas River, upstream of the urban perimeter of Francisco Beltrão, PR. The effects of runoff were verified through flow peaks simulated by the HEC-HMS model in twelve monthly soil use scenarios, under seven precipitation return periods. The results indicated a strong relationship between bare soil and flow peaks, temporally delimiting April and March as the largest runoff generators and January and August as the smallest ones. The ratio quantified by rates of increase in flow peaks ranging from 0.78 to 1.64 m 3 s −1 per km 2 of bare soil. In addition, the survey of historical precipitation data also warns of the generation of large runoff volumes in October. Therefore, the strong correlation between the increase in flow peaks and occupation by bare soil can be quantified with good precision, but it is also necessary to consider historical precipitation records to understand the temporal distribution of runoff and flood risks.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of Agricultural Soil Cover in Runoff Generation

et al. 2019

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“…Slope and rainfall intensities are important factors influencing the erosion processes [4,5]. The mobilization of soil particles during rain-splash erosion depends on rainfall intensity [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The minimum and maximum runoff of 0.2 and 68.1 mm·m −2 , respectively, were recorded during the lowest rainfall intensity under the lowest slope and highest rainfall intensity with the steepest slope, respectively. Slope is an important factor influencing the runoff generation process [4,5]. It strongly affects the water storage on the soil surface [30,31].…”

Section: Surface Runoffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Slope, Rainfall Intensity and Mulch on Erosion and Infiltration under Simulated Rain on Purple Soil of South-Western Sichuan Province, China

Khan

Gong

Ting-xing

et al. 2016

Water

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Purple soil is widely distributed in the hilly areas of the Sichuan basin, southwest China, and is highly susceptible to water erosion. The triggering of this process is related to slope, rainfall intensity and surface cover. Therefore, this study assesses the effects of different simulated rainfall intensities with different slopes on hydrological and erosional processes in un-mulched and mulched purple soils. Results show that the sediment and water losses increased with an increase of rainfall intensity and slope steepness. Generally, the slope contribution (Sc) on water and sediment losses decreased with increasing rainfall intensity and slope steepness under both un-mulched and mulched soil. In un-mulched conditions, water losses were independent of slope steepness (Sc < 50%) during the highest rainfall intensity. However, in mulched soil, the higher contributions of slope (Sc) and rainfall (Rc) were found for water and sediment losses, respectively, i.e., >50%, except during the increase in slope steepness from 15 • to 25 • under the highest rainfall intensity (120 mm·h −1 ). The effectiveness of mulch was more pronounced in reducing sediment losses (81%-100%) compared with water losses (14%-100%). The conservation effectiveness of mulch both decreased and increased with slope steepness for water and sediment losses, respectively, under higher rainfall intensities. Water infiltration and recharge coefficient (RC) decreased with an increase of slope steepness, while with an increase in rainfall intensity, the water infiltration and RC were increased and decreased, respectively, in both un-mulched and mulched soil. On the other hand, mulched soil maintained a significantly (α = 0.05) higher infiltration capacity and RC compared to that of the un-mulched soil.

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“…Infiltration is an important process within the watershed water cycle, in which the soil absorbs, regulates, and transfers water to the soil layer under the combined actions of gravity and soil water forces [1,2]. Preferential flow plays an important role in the infiltration process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Variability of Preferential Flow and Infiltration Redistribution along a Rocky-Mountain Hillslope, Northern China

Zhao

Jia

Gong

et al. 2020

Water

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Rock fragments in soil strongly increase the complexity of hydrological processes. Spatial variability of preferential flow and infiltration characteristics, especially along a rocky-mountain hillslope are poorly understood. In this study, five rainfall-dye tracer experiments were performed in the rocky Taihang Mountains, northern China, to investigate the spatial variability of preferential flow and infiltration redistribution on different hillslope positions. Tracers were used to distinguish macropore flow and actual water flow patterns, and preferential flow indices and spatial non-uniformity of the infiltration redistribution were calculated using image analysis. Results showed increasing trends in the dye coverage, maximum infiltration depth, and steady infiltration rate with increased hillslope position, with a preferential flow fraction of 0.10, 0.11, 0.15, 0.29, and 0.26 for the bottom-, down-, mid-, upper-, and top-slope positions, respectively. With increased hillslope position, the spatial non-uniformity of the infiltration redistribution gradually increased in orthogonal and parallel directions to the stained section, and was supported by the fractal dimensions. Positive (gravel mass ratio, saturated water content, altitude, hydraulic conductivity and roots) and negative (bulk density and clay content) impacts on preferential flow and infiltration redistribution were quantitatively emphasized. The characteristic and mechanism of infiltration process were further identified along a rocky-mountain hillslope.Many factors contribute to the formation of preferential flow, thus leading to various patterns of manifestation. The main and current researches are related to macropore flow and unstable finger flow, with other preferential flow patterns also given attention due to their accompanying hydrological and environmental geological problems [11,12]. The corresponding studies on preferential flow in the vadose zone can be traced back to 1864, while Darcy's law, Richard's equation, etc. have dominated subsequent theories of seepage and infiltration. It was not until the 1870s that the movement of heterogeneous water in macropores challenged the traditional homogeneous theory [13]. Beven et al. [4] discussed the relationship between soil pores and preferential flow, and initiated the subsequent preferential flow research boom. Much research has been undertaken regarding the basic theory of flow development, morphological characteristics, influencing factors, and model simulation of priority flow [13][14][15][16]. Peters [7] studied the hillslope hydrological process of subsurface flow in Shield forest basin using a hydrological test and geochemical tracer method, and found that most water fluxes in the forest soil were priority flow that did not comply with Darcy's law. Some scholars believe that most of the priority channels would not be activated until the soil reaches saturation [9,17,18]. Alaoui [19] found that large pores could transport approximately 74-100% of soil water with 0.23-2% of the total so...

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Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Slope Gradient on Runoff and Soil Moisture Content on Different Growing Stages of Spring Maize

Cited by 103 publications

References 21 publications

Seasonal Dynamics of Agricultural Soil Cover in Runoff Generation

Seasonal Dynamics of Agricultural Soil Cover in Runoff Generation

Effect of Slope, Rainfall Intensity and Mulch on Erosion and Infiltration under Simulated Rain on Purple Soil of South-Western Sichuan Province, China

Spatial Variability of Preferential Flow and Infiltration Redistribution along a Rocky-Mountain Hillslope, Northern China

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