Effects of Raffinose Intake on Human Fecal Microflora

Benno, Yoshimi; Endo, Kimiko; Shiragami, Naohiro; Sayama, K.; Mitsuokai, Tomotari

doi:10.12938/bifidus1982.6.2_59

Cited by 93 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…in the human gut and has antiallergic properties in rats (21,35). Recently, raffinose was reported to inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raffinose is known to be a sugar beneficial for human health due to its positive effects on the intestinal bacterial flora. Indeed, the continuous consumption of raffinose leads to a significant increase in the Bifidobacterium population and a significant decrease in the Clostridium and Bacteroides populations in healthy human intestines (21). In the oral cavity, raffinose has been reported to serve as the substrate for Ftf of Streptococcus salivarius, leading to the accumulation of extracellular polysaccharides (22).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Raffinose Induces Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans in Low Concentrations of Sucrose by Increasing Production of Extracellular DNA and Fructan

Nagasawa

Sato

Senpuku

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent of dental caries and causes tooth decay by forming a firmly attached biofilm on tooth surfaces. Biofilm formation is induced by the presence of sucrose, which is a substrate for the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides but not in the presence of oligosaccharides. Nonetheless, in this study, we found that raffinose, which is an oligosaccharide with an intestinal regulatory function and antiallergic effect, induced biofilm formation by S. mutans in a mixed culture with sucrose, which was at concentrations less than those required to induce biofilm formation directly. We analyzed the possible mechanism behind the small requirement for sucrose for biofilm formation in the presence of raffinose. Our results suggested that sucrose contributed to an increase in bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation. Next, we examined how the effects of raffinose interacted with the effects of sucrose for biofilm formation. We showed that the presence of raffinose induced fructan synthesis by fructosyltransferase and aggregated extracellular DNA (eDNA, which is probably genomic DNA released from dead cells) into the biofilm. eDNA seemed to be important for biofilm formation, because the degradation of DNA by DNase I resulted in a significant reduction in biofilm formation. When assessing the role of fructan in biofilm formation, we found that fructan enhanced eDNA-dependent cell aggregation. Therefore, our results show that raffinose and sucrose have cooperative effects and that this induction of biofilm formation depends on supportive elements that mainly consist of eDNA and fructan.IMPORTANCE The sucrose-dependent mechanism of biofilm formation in Streptococcus mutans has been studied extensively. Nonetheless, the effects of carbohydrates other than sucrose are inadequately understood. Our findings concerning raffinose advance the understanding of the mechanism underlying the joint effects of sucrose and other carbohydrates on biofilm formation. Since raffinose has been reported to have positive effects on enterobacterial flora, research on the effects of raffinose on the oral flora are required prior to its use as a beneficial sugar for human health. Here, we showed that raffinose induced biofilm formation by S. mutans in low concentrations of sucrose. The induction of biofilm formation generally generates negative effects on the oral flora. Therefore, we believe that this finding will aid in the development of more effective oral care techniques to maintain oral flora health.

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“…in the human gut and has antiallergic properties in rats (21,35). Recently, raffinose was reported to inhibit the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Raffinose Induces Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans in Low Concentrations of Sucrose by Increasing Production of Extracellular DNA and Fructan

Nagasawa

Sato

Senpuku

2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Extensive studies using clinical experiments have shown that various indigestible oligosaccharides affected fecal microflora and defecation conditions (Hidaka et al, 1986;Benno et al, 1987;Ito et al, 1990;Wada et al, 1991). However, clinical experiments using MOS had never been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Mannooligosaccharides from Coffee Mannan on Fecal Microflora and Defecation in Healthy Volunteers

Asano

Umemura

Fujii

et al. 2004

FSTR

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Mannooligosaccharides (MOS) were purified from the thermally hydrolyzed mannan in spent coffee grounds, with the aim of achieving the full utilization of natural unused food material. The effects of MOS on fecal microflora and the defecating conditions in eight healthy volunteers were investigated. The subjects were administered MOS at 1.0 g/day and 3.0 g/day for 2 weeks. A 2 week interval was observed between the two dose intake periods. The content of Bifidobacterium significantly increased during the two periods (pϽ Ͻ0.05). It appeared that MOS intake had a tendency to increase the content of Bifidobacterium in fecal microflora depending on the dosage level. Defecating conditions were also improved at both dosage levels (pϽ Ͻ0.05). These results suggested that MOS ingestion caused Bifidobacterium to be the predominant bacteria in the intestine and improved defecation.

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“…Isomaltose, isomaltotriose, panose , and Isomalto-900(R) were utilized as well as raffinose by bifidobacteria except for Bifidobacterium bifidum. Raffinose is demonstrated as one of the effective factors related to the proliferation of bifidobacteria (1). In other bacteria , species of the Bacteroides fragilis group such as B. fragilis, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. distasonis utilized all the sugars examined.…”

Section: ) Utilization Of Isomalto-900(r) By the Intestinal Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Isomalto-oligosaccharides on Human Fecal Flora

Kohmoto

Fukui

Takaku

et al. 1988

Bifidobacteria Microflora

153

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The effect of isomalto-oligosaccharides on human fecal flora was studied. Bifidobacteria and the Bacteroides fragilis group from human intestine could utilize isomalto-oligosaccharides but Escherichia coli and other bacteria could not. After the administration of isomaltooligosaccharides (13.5 g daily for 2 weeks) to healthy adult men and senile persons, the numbers of bifidobacteria in the feces increased. The consistency of feces was improved. These studies may support the usefulness of isomalto-oligosaccharides as components of new healthy foodstuffs for the improvement of the intestinal flora.

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Effects of Raffinose Intake on Human Fecal Microflora

Cited by 93 publications

References 6 publications

Raffinose Induces Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans in Low Concentrations of Sucrose by Increasing Production of Extracellular DNA and Fructan

Raffinose Induces Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus mutans in Low Concentrations of Sucrose by Increasing Production of Extracellular DNA and Fructan

Effects of Mannooligosaccharides from Coffee Mannan on Fecal Microflora and Defecation in Healthy Volunteers

Effect of Isomalto-oligosaccharides on Human Fecal Flora

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