Effects of Quillaja saponins on growth, metabolism, egg production and muscle cholesterol in individually reared Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Francis, George; Makkar, H. P. S.; Becker, Klaus

doi:10.1016/s1532-0456(01)00189-2

Cited by 56 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The absolute increase in weight was higher compared with control animals even at higher dietary levels of 700 mg/kg in Nile tilapia (Francis et al, 2002c). The growth-promoting effects of QS were most pronounced during the initial period of feeding (Francis et al, 2001b and. It was therefore hypothesised that there was probably an adaptation by the fish to continuous intake of QS.…”

Section: Effects and Applications Of Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Common carp and Nile tilapia juveniles fed diets containing QS (150 and 300 mg/kg in the diet) had significantly higher rate of body mass gain (Francis et al, 2001b and. The average final body mass of carp fed QS was about 18% higher and that of tilapia was more than 20% higher than fish that had similar average weights at the start of the respective experiments but which did not receive QS (Figures 1 and 2).…”

Section: Effects and Applications Of Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Makkar

Francis

Becker

2007

Animal

371

214

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Livestock and aquaculture production is under political and social pressure, especially in the European Union (EU), to decrease pollution and environmental damage arising due to animal agriculture. The EU has banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals, which have been shown to be effective in promoting growth and reducing environment pollutants because of the risk caused to humans by chemical residues in food and by antibiotic resistance being passed on to human pathogens. As a result of this, scientists have intensified efforts in exploiting plants, plant extracts or natural plant compounds as potential natural alternatives for enhancing the livestock productivity. This paper discusses work on the effects of various phytochemicals and plant secondary metabolites in ruminant and fish species. The focus is on (i) plants such as Ananas comosus (pine apple), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) and Azadirachta indica (neem) containing anthelmintic compounds and for their use for controlling internal parasites; (ii) plants containing polyphenols and their applications for protecting proteins from degradation in the rumen, increasing efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in rumen and decreasing methane emission; for using as antioxidants, antibacterial and antihelmintic agents; and for changing meat colour and for increasing n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in meat; (iii) saponin-rich plants such as quillaja, yucca and Sapindus saponaria for increasing the efficiency of rumen fermentation, decreasing methane emission and enhancing growth; for producing desired nutritional attributes such as lowering of cholesterol in monogastric animals; for increasing growth of fish (common carp and Nile tilapia) and for changing male to female ratio in tilapia; and for use as molluscicidal agents; (iv) Moringa oleifera leaves as a source of plant growth factor(s), antioxidants, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and various glucosinolates and their degraded products for possible use as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antipest agents; (v) Jatropha curcas toxic variety with high levels of various phytochemicals such as trypsin inhibitor, lectin, phytate and phorbol esters in seeds limiting the use of seed meal in fish and livestock diets; and the use of phorbol esters as bio-pesticidal agent; and (vi) lesser-known legumes such as Entada phaseoloides seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhibitor and saponins, Sesbania aculeate seeds rich in non-starch polysaccharides and Mucuna pruriens var. utilis seeds rich in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and their potential as fish feed; Cassia fistula seeds as a source of antioxidants; and the use of Canavalia ensiformis, C. gladiata and C. virosa seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhinitor, lectins and canavanine. The paper also presents some challenges and future areas of work in this field.

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Section: Effects and Applications Of Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Effects and Applications Of Phytochemicalsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Makkar

Francis

Becker

2007

Animal

371

214

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show abstract

“…In the experiments with carp (Francis et al, 2001b and2002c) very low numbers of individuals were used (five fish per diet) and fish were held individually in respiration chambers during the experiment. In the experiments with tilapia (Francis et al, 2001c and2002b) a similar design was used. Additionally, a mixed sex population (unevenly distributed among diet groups) was used for the experiment, during which the authors noted that females exhibited mouth brooding and the control group experienced more spawning events during the experimental period than the other groups.…”

Section: Biological Effects In Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

Hemre

Amlund

Aursand

et al. 2018

EJNFS

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“…ASE also prevents increased plasma cholesterol associated with a semipurified high-butter, highcholesterol diet in monkeys (Mallnow et al, 1977). The literature suggests that AS can significantly reduce serum TC, TG, and LDL-C in animals (Al-Bar et al, 1993;Francis et al, 2001;Santoso et al, 2004) and similar outcomes in weaning piglets were reported by Wang (2007). Shi et al (2014) concluded that the cholesterol-lowering effects of ASE were mediated by regulating gene expression involved in cholesterol metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 59%

Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on mRNA expression of Ldlr, LXRα, and FXR in BRL cells

Liang

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2015

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:We studied the effects of alfalfa saponin extract (ASE) on low density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr), liver X receptor α (LXRα), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in normal and hyperlipidemic Buffalo rat liver (BRL) cells. Normal and hyperlipidemic BRL cells were divided into eight groups: normal, or normal cells treated with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L ASE, hyperlipidemic, or hyperlipidemic cells treated with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L ASE. After treatment for 24 h, Ldlr, LXRα, and FXR mRNA expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Data showed that mRNA expression of Ldlr in normal BRL cells was significantly up-regulated by ASE treatment and mRNA expressions of LXRα and FXR were significantly down-regulated both in normal and hyperlipidemic BRL cells after ASE treatment. Thus, ASE might ameliorate hepatic steatosis by regulating genes involved in cholesterol metabolism, including up-regulation of Ldlr as well as down-regulation of LXRα and FXR.

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Effects of Quillaja saponins on growth, metabolism, egg production and muscle cholesterol in individually reared Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Cited by 56 publications

References 27 publications

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Criteria for Safe Use of Plant Ingredients in Diets for Aquacultured Fish

Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on mRNA expression of Ldlr, LXRα, and FXR in BRL cells

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