Effects of Pyriproxyfen Spray, Powder, and Oral Bait Treatments on the Relative Abundance of Nontarget Arthropods of Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Rodentia: Sciuridae) Towns

Karhu, Rory

doi:10.1603/0022-2585-37.4.612

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…There have been multiple approaches to conserving continental prairie dog populations, including strategies to combat the spread of plague. One approach has been to treat prairie dog colonies with an insecticide to kill fleas (Karhu and Anderson 2000). Such treatments are effective for 1 year, expensive, and have indirect effects on the insect community.…”

Section: Implications For Plover Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such treatments are effective for 1 year, expensive, and have indirect effects on the insect community. A study on black-tailed prairie dog colonies in Colorado found significant declines in Coleoptera as a result of treatments (Karhu and Anderson 2000); this Order is an important food item for the plover (Knopf 1998). Stopping the long-term spread of plague is a challenge that is hampered by uncertainty in vectors for transmission between colonies.…”

Section: Implications For Plover Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mountain Plover Responses to Plague in Montana

Dinsmore

Smith

2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Plague is a bacterial (Yersinia pestis) disease that causes epizootic die-offs in black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) populations in the North American Great Plains. Through their grazing and burrowing, prairie dogs modify vegetation and landscape structure on their colonies in ways that affect other grassland species. Plague epizootics on prairie dog colonies can have indirect effects on species associated with colonies. The mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) preferentially nests on black-tailed prairie dog colonies and is thus negatively impacted by the loss of prairie dogs. We studied the effects of plague and colony spatial characteristics on the occupancy of 81 prairie dog colonies by nesting plovers in Phillips County, Montana, during a 13-year period (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). We used a robust design patch occupancy model to investigate how colony occupancy and extinction and colonization rates were affected by plague history, colony size, and colony shape. Here extinction and colonization rates refer to the probability that a colony loses/gains plovers in a subsequent nesting season, given that it had/lacked plovers in that breeding season. Colony occupancy was best explained by a model with no annual variation or plague effects. Colony extinction rates were driven by a combination of a quadratic of colony area, a 3-year plague response, and a measure of colony shape. Conversely, colonization rates were best explained by a model with a 4-year plague response. The estimated annual proportion of colonies occupied by plovers was 0.75 (95% confidence interval = 0.57-0.87). Estimated extinction probability ranged from a low of 0. Plague is a bacterial (Yersinia pestis) disease that causes epizootic die-offs in black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) populations in the North American Great Plains. Through their grazing and burrowing, prairie dogs modify vegetation and landscape structure on their colonies in ways that affect other grassland species. Plague epizootics on prairie dog colonies can have indirect effects on species associated with colonies. The mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) preferentially nests on black-tailed prairie dog colonies and is thus negatively impacted by the loss of prairie dogs. We studied the effects of plague and colony spatial characteristics on the occupancy of 81 prairie dog colonies by nesting plovers in Phillips County, Montana, during a 13-year period (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007). We used a robust design patch occupancy model to investigate how colony occupancy and extinction and colonization rates were affected by plague history, colony size, and colony shape. Here extinction and colonization rates refer to the probability that a colony loses=gains plovers in a subsequent nesting season, given that it had=lacked plovers in that breeding season. Colony occupancy was best explained by a model with no annual variation or plague effects. Col...

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Section: Implications For Plover Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications For Plover Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mountain Plover Responses to Plague in Montana

Dinsmore

Smith

2010

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Of the 16 insecticides tested in these studies, a few displayed especially large effects in reduction of flea prevalence. However, many of those have been banned from use due to their negative side‐effects on the ecosystem (Mrema et al , Karhu and Anderson , Borchert et al ). One of particular notoriety is DDT, used commonly until the 1970s.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sylvatic plague management and prairie dogs – a meta‐analysis

Roth

2019

Journal of Vector Ecology

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Yersinia pestis, a bacterial pathogen that causes sylvatic plague, is present in the prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) of North America. Epizootics of sylvatic plague through transmission in vectors (fleas) commonly completely extirpate colonies of prairie dogs. Wildlife managers employ a wide variety of insecticidal treatments to suppress plague and conserve prairie dog colonies. I compiled and statistically compared the available literature describing methods of plague control and their relative effectiveness in managing plague outbreaks by using meta‐analyses. Natural log response ratios were used to calculate insecticide‐induced vector mortality and vaccine‐conferred survival increases in prairie dogs in 37 publications. Further, subgroupings were used to explore the most effective of the available vector suppression insecticides and plague suppression vaccines. After accounting for the type of treatment used and the method by which it was applied, I observed plague reduction through use of both insecticides and vaccines. Insecticides resulted in a significant reduction of the abundance of vectors by 91.34% compared to non‐treated hosts (p<0.0001). Vaccines improved survival of prairie dog hosts by 4.00% (p<0.0001) compared to control populations. The use of insecticides such as deltamethrin and carbaryl is recommended to stop actively spreading epizootics, and dual antigen oral vaccines to initially suppress outbreaks.

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“…Conservation of Burrowing Owls and prairie dogs is important because both species serve as sentinels for the overall health of grassland ecosystems in North America . Conservation efforts for the owl should continue to focus on protecting prairie dogs and their habitat connectivity, which might be helped by restricting recreational shooting, restocking efforts, or directly managing the risk of plague through insecticide treatments that kill host fleas (Karhu and Anderson 2000). Protecting prairie dogs from plague may also be beneficial to owls but is less important than outright protection of prairie dogs.…”

Section: Implications For Owl Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting Burrowing Owl occupancy of prairie dog colonies

Alverson

Dinsmore

2014

The Condor

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Understanding patch dynamics can help scientists better understand metapopulations and the relationships of animals that share a habitat. The Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) is a well-known associate of prairie dog colonies, thereby linking conservation measures that benefit these species. We used occupancy modeling to determine how colony attributes (e.g., size and edge effects) and the loss of prairie dog colonies to sylvatic plague affected the occupancy of those colonies by Burrowing Owls in north-central Montana. We surveyed presence-absence of Burrowing Owls during a 13-yr period (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) and analyzed the data using a robust-design occupancy model in Program MARK. The proportion of colonies occupied by Burrowing Owls ranged from 0.41 to 0.54 across years while the probability of detecting the owls ranged from 0.22 to 0.92. Contrary to our predictions, colony edge effects and plague epizootics showed only weak or no effects on Burrowing Owl occupancy. Prairie dog colony size had the greatest effect on Burrowing Owl occupancy patterns. Colonization of prairie dog colonies by owls generally increased with colony area, whereas owl extinction initially dropped and then increased as a function of increasing colony area. We found no direct link between Burrowing Owl occupancy of prairie dog colonies and plague history, but our results reaffirmed the importance of colony size. Collectively, this information will help inform future conservation efforts for Burrowing Owls that occupy prairie dog colonies. KeywordsAthene cunicularia, black-tailed prairie dog, Burrowing Owl, Cynomys ludovicianus, occupancy, plague, robust design BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Factors affecting Burrowing Owl occupancy of prairie dog coloniesSource: The Condor, 116 (2) ABSTRACTUnderstanding patch dynamics can help scientists better understand metapopulations and the relationships of animals that share a habitat. The Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) is a well-known associate of prairie dog colonies, thereby linking conservation measures that benefit these species. We used occupancy modeling to determine how colony attributes (e.g., size and edge effects) and the loss of prairie dog colonies to sylvatic plague affected the occupancy of those colonies by Burrowing Owls in north-central Montana. We surveyed presence-absence of Burrowing Owls during a 13-yr period (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) and analyzed the data using a robust-design occupancy model in Program MARK. The proportion of colonies occupied by Burrowing Owls ranged from 0.41 to 0.54 across years while the probability of detecting the owls ranged from 0.22 to 0.92. Contrary to our predictions, colony edge effects and plague epiz...

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Effects of Pyriproxyfen Spray, Powder, and Oral Bait Treatments on the Relative Abundance of Nontarget Arthropods of Black-Tailed Prairie Dog (Rodentia: Sciuridae) Towns

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Mountain Plover Responses to Plague in Montana

Mountain Plover Responses to Plague in Montana

Sylvatic plague management and prairie dogs – a meta‐analysis

Factors affecting Burrowing Owl occupancy of prairie dog colonies

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