Effects of protein macromolecules and metabolic small molecules on kinetics of methane hydrate formation in marine clay

Liu, Yanzhen; Yu, Feng; Zhang, Lunxiang; Song, Yongchen; Yang, Lei; Zhao, Jiafei

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.128496

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In a marine environment, most NGH exists in porous media . Therefore, laboratory synthesis of hydrate-bearing reservoirs should use porous media, which can be divided into sandy and muddy porous media. ,− …”

Section: Preparation Of Simulated Hydrate-bearing Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Gas Production from Hydrate-Bearing Reservoirs through Depressurization-Based Approaches: Knowledge from Laboratory Experiments

et al. 2021

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There have been several field tests around the world to recover natural gas from gas hydrate reservoirs. A most recent trial took place in the South China Sea, breaking the records of cumulative and daily gas yield from marine hydrate deposits. However, significant challenges still remain while approaching commercial gas production. These may involve but are not limited to the ultralow permeability of the reservoir, insufficient heat supply, unstable gas yield fluctuations, sand problem upon water production from the silty sediments, and secondary hydrate formation or ice generation blocking the pore spaces. Consequently, intensive efforts have been made to understand and, thereby, manipulate the complicated gas production process. Of special interest are the studies on the determination and optimization of the depressurization scheme, because depressurization is recognized to be most promising toward an economically efficient gas recovery. Therefore, in this work, we elaborated on the effects of pressure regulation on the behavior of gas and water yield and characteristics of the reservoir during the gas production process through depressurization-based approaches. Particular attention was paid on the enhancement of the gas production rate and energy efficiency under various scenarios. The advantages and limitations of the current investigation were also discussed to present preliminary suggestions and perspectives for future studies. This work could provide a brief view of the current efforts on improving the gas production efficiency at a laboratory scale; further investigations are still required to scale-up these findings to provide guidance to the field test in the future.

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Section: Preparation Of Simulated Hydrate-bearing Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Gas Production from Hydrate-Bearing Reservoirs through Depressurization-Based Approaches: Knowledge from Laboratory Experiments

et al. 2021

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“…The change in ion concentrations in hydrate geological structures might be related to organic matter. For example, recent studies have found that in marine argillaceous silts, a large amount of organic matter can accumulate in the gas hydrate stability zone, and the organic carbon content of porewater is also increased. , Methanogenic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria also thrive in ocean margin sediments, in which gas hydrate formation also occurs. , Gas hydrate stability zones also contain an abundance of dissolved organic compounds (DOCs), which are modified by biodegradation. Although there are many sources of organic matter, most can be classified as biochemical compounds, such as polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins, in different stages of degradation. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, recent studies have found that in marine argillaceous silts, a large amount of organic matter can accumulate in the gas hydrate stability zone, and the organic carbon content of porewater is also increased. 20,21 Methanogenic archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria also thrive in ocean margin sediments, in which gas hydrate formation also occurs. 22,23 Gas hydrate stability zones also contain an abundance of dissolved organic compounds (DOCs), which are modified by biodegradation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Organized Colloids Thermodynamically Weaken the Effect of Salt on Methane Hydrate Formation

Liu

Feng

Zhao

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Natural gas hydrate deposits are typically rich in organic matter; they together with the host sediments play a crucial role in the nucleation and accumulation of gas hydrates, yet their potential thermodynamic effect on hydrate formation is rarely studied. In the present work, it was found that the deprotonated organic compounds could self-organize with the cations in the solution, forming organic colloids via coordination bonds. Elemental mapping showed that these organic colloids were filled with Ca 2+ and Na + ions as well as more concentrated organic matter surrounded by thin rings of Mg 2+ and Cl − ions. This was found to result in a concentration decrease of Ca 2+ and Na + ions in the solution with the presence of the colloids; the resulting decreased electrostatic effect of salt ions on water molecules would subsequently relieve the energy barrier of hydrate formation, showing a shift of the phase equilibrium conditions to a milder situation. This finding would be more nontrivial in low-permeability hydrate layers where mass exchange with the abundant ions in the seawater could be rather sluggish. The results could be of help in determining the local thickness and location of the gas hydrate stability zone and thereby the estimated reserves.

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“…For X-ray, − MRI, − and Raman, , a series of equipment was gradually applied to observe hydrate samples. Gradually, more detailed observations on the growth of hydrates were made. , Scholars have carried out a series of studies on the chemical properties of marine soils. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,27 Scholars have carried out a series of studies on the chemical properties of marine soils. 28,29 When simulated exploitation was performed in the laboratory, glass sands with different particle sizes were mainly used as the porous matrices in the reservoir. Yet the porosity and density are quite different from those of the natural sediments.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress on Laboratory-Scale Reactors for Simulating Gas Production from Hydrate Reservoir

et al. 2021

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Enormous laboratory efforts have been made to establish a better understanding of gas production behaviors from hydrate reservoirs. This involves an artificial synthesis and decomposition of hydrate samples in various reactors. The reactors should play a crucial role in the behaviors of hydrate formation and decomposition as well as their feasibility to scale-up. Therefore, a comprehensive summary of the current equipment is necessary. In this work, typical reactors used to study gas production behaviors from hydrate-containing sediments are introduced, involving their sizes, sensors, pressure and temperature controlling systems, and special features; the significant findings based on these reactors are also discussed. Through the results of laboratory experiments, the state of hydrate reservoirs and the changes in their characteristics during the production process can be understood; this may involve the kinetics of hydrate decomposition and its influencing factors and the seepage process of multiphase flow in sediments. Consequently, the primary control factors and control methods that affect the gas production rate and environmental safety can be given. The real-time measurement of hydrate reservoir temperature, pressure, sonic velocity, resistivity, stress, and other parameters can be determined; thus, the research on natural gas hydrate in the laboratory requires very strict equipment for support. Nevertheless, the space of the indoor simulated reactors was limited; the diameter of the largest reactor was no more than 2 m, which is not comparable to the actual reservoir. Therefore, it is still very challenging to upscale the laboratory findings to guide the on-site operation; multiscale approaches involving numerical simulation are of crucial importance as well.

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Effects of protein macromolecules and metabolic small molecules on kinetics of methane hydrate formation in marine clay

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Enhancing Gas Production from Hydrate-Bearing Reservoirs through Depressurization-Based Approaches: Knowledge from Laboratory Experiments

Enhancing Gas Production from Hydrate-Bearing Reservoirs through Depressurization-Based Approaches: Knowledge from Laboratory Experiments

Self-Organized Colloids Thermodynamically Weaken the Effect of Salt on Methane Hydrate Formation

Progress on Laboratory-Scale Reactors for Simulating Gas Production from Hydrate Reservoir

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