Effects of protein kinase C activators on mouse skin in vivo

Inohara, Shinichi; Tateishi, Haruyo; Takeda, Yuko; Tanaka, Yasushi; Sagami, Seichiro

doi:10.1007/bf00456853

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…[9][10][11] It would be interesting to study the longer term effect (more than 10 days) of their PKC inhibitor on cultured hair growth. [7][8][9][10][11] These results also support the notion that overexpressed PKCa may relate to hair growth. Considering that different PKC isoforms have different functions, it is too early to draw the conclusion that inhibition of PKC-a could promote hair growth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…[7][8][9][10][11] Western immunoblot analysis of whole skin reveals that the skin PKC-a level decreases in the early anagen of the induced hair growth cycle, then increases in mature anagen. Topical application of PKC activators such as PMA and synthetic diacylglycerol can enhance growth of mouse hair.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Growth of mouse hair has been successfully induced by hair plucking, contact sensitization and skin irritation. Topical application of PKC activators, such as phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or synthetic diacylglycerol, can enhance growth of mouse hair, and in the process the PKC-a level in whole skin is down-regulated initially and then increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overexpression of skin protein kinase C-α in anagen hair follicles during induced growth of mouse hair

Guo

Gao

2003

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology

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A role for protein kinase C (PKC)-alpha has been implicated in the growth of mouse hair. Topical application of PKC activators, hair plucking, allergic contact dermatitis and skin irritation can all enhance growth of mouse hair, and a significant increase in PKC-alpha level in whole mouse skin in mature anagen has been demonstrated in these processes. Overexpression of PKC-alpha in anagen hair follicles has also been reported in natural growth of mouse hair. It is known that overexpression of PKC-alpha is associated with the acceleration of cell growth. Therefore, we postulated that overexpression of PKC-alpha in mature anagen may relate to enhancement of hair growth. The distribution of PKC-alpha in hair follicles during induced growth of mouse hair has not previously been studied. In this study, hair growth in C57BL/6 mice was induced by plucking the telogen hairs on one side of the back. The undepilated contralateral side served as a control. Expression of PKC-alpha in hair follicles during the hair growth cycle induced was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using cryosections and a specific polyclonal anti-PKC-alpha immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. No PKC-alpha was detected in telogen hair follicles or in the hair follicles at 1 day post-depilation, when the induced hair cycle was in early anagen. At 4 days after plucking, when the induced hair cycle was in mid-anagen, intense staining for PKC-alpha was found in hair papillae. At 10 and 17 days after depilation, when the induced hair cycle was in mature anagen and early catagen, respectively, all outer root sheath (ORS) cells and outer connective sheaths of hair follicles were stained positive. Because no PKC-alpha was detected in telogen hair follicles in this study, down-regulation of PKC-alpha in early anagen could not be observed. However, consistent with our previous findings, overexpression of PKC-alpha was found in mid-anagen and mature anagen. As overexpression of PKC-alpha has been shown to be associated with acceleration of cell growth, our results support the notion that PKC-alpha may play an important role in growth of hair follicle cells in induced growth of hair. As PKC levels are known to increase in hyperglycaemia, overexpressed PKC-alpha in mature anagen hair follicles may be related to the putative function of the ORS in mobilizing glycogen stores for anagen growth.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overexpression of skin protein kinase C-α in anagen hair follicles during induced growth of mouse hair

Guo

Gao

2003

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology

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“…Inohara et al [30] reported that TPA accelerates hair regrowth in tests using in vivo Balb/c mice. This is apparently contradictory to our hypothesis; however, it is known that TPA activates PKC, whereas TPA downregulates PKC expression [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Several Selective Protein Kinase C Inhibitors Including Procyanidins Promote Hair Growth

Takahashi¹,

Kamimura²,

Shirai

et al. 2000

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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We have previously reported that procyanidin oligomers selectively promote growth of murine hair epithelial cells in vitro and stimulate anagen induction in vivo. We report here the possible relationship between the protein kinase C-inhibiting activity of procyanidins and their hair-growing activity. Of the procyanidins, procyanidin B-2 and procyanidin C-1, which selectively inhibit protein kinase C, intensively promote hair epithelial cell proliferation in vitro and stimulate anagen induction in vivo. On the other hand, procyanidins, which inhibit both protein kinase C and A, showed relatively low activity in in vitro and in vivo evaluations. We also found that calphostin C, which is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C, possesses hair epithelial cell growth-promoting activity in vitro and anagen phase-inducing hair-growing activity in vivo. Other selective protein kinase C inhibitors, such as hexadecylphosphocholine, palmitoyl-DL-carnitine chloride, and polymyxin B sulfate, also show marked anagen phase-inducing hair-growing activity in vivo. Nonselective protein kinase inhibitors, such as staurosporine and K252a, inhibit the growth of hair epithelial cells. 1,2-Dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol, a protein kinase C activator, dose-dependently decreases the growth of hair epithelial cells. Forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, promotes hair epithelial cell growth and boosts the growth-promoting effect of procyanidin B-2. It is speculated that the hair-growing activity of procyanidins is related to their protein kinase C-inhibiting activity.

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“…Our laboratory has used the primary mouse keratinocyte culture system extensively, accumulating a wealth of data to document and characterize its value. This system offers some advantages over cell lines or human keratinocyte cultures, including high proliferative potential (7), differentiative capacity versus cell lines (which often do not differentiate entirely normally (8-10)), enhanced sensitivity to differentiating agents versus human cultures (11)(12)(13), and most importantly, the extension to studies of keratinocytes from transgenic animals and/or in vivo experimentation on an appropriate mouse model (14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Nevertheless, we routinely confirm important results in normal human keratinocytes and/or reconstituted human epidermis (e.g., (19,20)), to verify the translational value of our results.…”

Section: The Epidermismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Primary Cultures of Mouse Epidermal Keratinocytes and the Measurement of Phospholipase D Activity

Bailey

Choudhary

Merai

et al. 2014

Methods in Molecular Biology

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In this chapter information is provided about the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, and the predominant cells comprising this epithelium, the keratinocytes. The evidence supporting a possible role for the lipid-metabolizing enzyme phospholipase D in regulating keratinocyte differentiation is also discussed. A detailed protocol for the preparation of primary cultures of epidermal keratinocytes from neonatal mice is described, to allow other investigators to obtain data concerning these important cells involved in forming and maintaining the mechanical and water permeability of the skin. Finally, a complete protocol for monitoring phospholipase D activity in intact cells is supplied in the hope that additional research will result in a better understanding of the role of phospholipase D in controlling keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.

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Effects of protein kinase C activators on mouse skin in vivo

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Overexpression of skin protein kinase C-α in anagen hair follicles during induced growth of mouse hair

Overexpression of skin protein kinase C-α in anagen hair follicles during induced growth of mouse hair

Several Selective Protein Kinase C Inhibitors Including Procyanidins Promote Hair Growth

Preparation of Primary Cultures of Mouse Epidermal Keratinocytes and the Measurement of Phospholipase D Activity

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