Effects of Procyclidine on Eye Movements in Schizophrenia

Ettinger, Ulrich; Kumari, Veena; Zachariah, E; Galea, Adrian; Crawford, Trevor J.; Corr, Philip J.; Taylor, David; Das, M.B.; Sharma, Tonmoy

doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300286

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…On the basis of similar studies 33,35 it was estimated that a sample size of 18 participants per study arm should be sufficient. Randomisation was computer generated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ketamine and risperidone on eye movement control in healthy volunteers

et al. 2013

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The non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine leads to transient psychosis-like symptoms and impairments in oculomotor performance in healthy volunteers. This study examined whether the adverse effects of ketamine on oculomotor performance can be reversed by the atypical antipsychotic risperidone. In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 72 healthy participants performed smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM), prosaccades (PS) and antisaccades (AS) while being randomly assigned to one of four drug groups (intravenous 100 ng ml−1 ketamine, 2 mg oral risperidone, 100 ng ml−1 ketamine plus 2 mg oral risperidone, placebo). Drug administration did not lead to harmful adverse events. Ketamine increased saccadic frequency and decreased velocity gain of SPEM (all P<0.01) but had no significant effects on PS or AS (all P⩾0.07). An effect of risperidone was observed for amplitude gain and peak velocity of PS and AS, indicating hypometric gain and slower velocities compared with placebo (both P⩽0.04). No ketamine by risperidone interactions were found (all P⩾0.26). The results confirm that the administration of ketamine produces oculomotor performance deficits similar in part to those seen in schizophrenia. The atypical antipsychotic risperidone did not reverse ketamine-induced deteriorations. These findings do not support the cognitive enhancing potential of risperidone on oculomotor biomarkers in this model system of schizophrenia and point towards the importance of developing alternative performance-enhancing compounds to optimise pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia.

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“…On the basis of similar studies 33,35 it was estimated that a sample size of 18 participants per study arm should be sufficient. Randomisation was computer generated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of ketamine and risperidone on eye movement control in healthy volunteers

et al. 2013

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“…These findings support previous work showing a nicotine-induced reduction in antisaccade errors (Depatie et al 2002;Powell et al 2002; and latencies in healthy young adults. Further evidence for cholinergic modulation of antisaccade performance comes from reports of an increase in antisaccade errors amongst schizophrenic patients administered the cholinergic antagonist procyclidine (Ettinger et al 2003a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antisaccade task as an index of sustained goal activation in working memory: modulation by nicotine

2006

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Article (Unspecified) http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Rycroft, Nicola, Hutton, Samuel B. and Rusted, Jennifer M. (2006) The antisaccade task as an index of sustained goal activation in working memory: modulation by nicotine. Psychopharmacology, 188 (4). pp. [521][522][523][524][525][526][527][528][529] This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/738/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. Recent models of antisaccade performance suggest that errors are more likely to occur when the intention to initiate an antisaccade is insufficiently activated within working memory. Nicotine has been shown to enhance specific working memory processes in healthy adults. We explored the effect of nicotine on antisaccade performance in a large sample (N=44) of young adult smokers. Minimally abstinent participants attended two test sessions and were asked to smoke one of their own cigarettes between baseline and retest during one session only.Nicotine reduced antisaccade errors and correct antisaccade latencies if delivered before optimum performance levels are achieved, suggesting that nicotine supports the activation of intentions in working memory during task performance. The implications of this research for current theoretical accounts of antisaccade performance, and for interpreting the increased rate of antisaccade errors found in some psychiatric patient groups are discussed.

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“…Depending on the concentration and task, an increase in cholinergic transmission, for example via smoking, produces improvements of cognitive functions like memory and attention [2,7,14,37,58,67], whereas blocking cholinergic transmission impairs cognition [15,32,35,43,51,65,73].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholinergic blockade under working memory demands encountered by increased rehearsal strategies: evidence from fMRI in healthy subjects

Voß

Thienel

Reske

et al. 2011

Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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The connection between cholinergic transmission and cognitive performance has been established in behavioural studies. The specific contribution of the muscarinic receptor system on cognitive performance and brain activation, however, has not been evaluated satisfyingly. To investigate the specific contribution of the muscarinic transmission on neural correlates of working memory, we examined the effects of scopolamine, an antagonist of the muscarinic receptors, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Fifteen healthy male, non-smoking subjects performed a fMRI scanning session following the application of scopolamine (0.4 mg, i.v.) or saline in a placebo-controlled, repeated measure, pseudo-randomized, single-blind design. Working memory was probed using an n-back task. Compared to placebo, challenging the cholinergic transmission with scopolamine resulted in hypoactivations in parietal, occipital and cerebellar areas and hyperactivations in frontal and prefrontal areas. These alterations are interpreted as compensatory strategies used to account for downregulation due to muscarinic acetylcholine blockade in parietal and cerebral storage systems by increased activation in frontal and prefrontal areas related to working memory rehearsal. Our results further underline the importance of cholinergic transmission to working memory performance and determine the specific contribution of muscarinic transmission on cerebral activation associated with executive functioning.

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Effects of Procyclidine on Eye Movements in Schizophrenia

Cited by 34 publications

References 62 publications

The effects of ketamine and risperidone on eye movement control in healthy volunteers

The effects of ketamine and risperidone on eye movement control in healthy volunteers

The antisaccade task as an index of sustained goal activation in working memory: modulation by nicotine

Cholinergic blockade under working memory demands encountered by increased rehearsal strategies: evidence from fMRI in healthy subjects

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