Cholinergic blockade under working memory demands encountered by increased rehearsal strategies: evidence from fMRI in healthy subjects

Voß, Bianca; Thienel, Renate; Reske, Martina; Kellermann, Thilo; Sheldrick, Abigail J.; Halfter, Sarah; Radenbach, Katrin; Shah, N. Jon; Habel, Ute; Kircher, Tilo

doi:10.1007/s00406-011-0267-6

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Additionally, the resultant cluster sizes were generally observed to be larger under the 2-back condition and smallest under the 0-back condition, implying that an increased load of executive control was positively correlated with extensive activated brain regions and with larger cluster sizes. The finding that brain activation reflected the demand for executive control is in agreement with previous studies [33], [34] and thus confirms the validity of the applied executive function task and functional MRI modality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Acute Aerobic Exercise Increases Cortical Activity during Working Memory: A Functional MRI Study in Female College Students

et al. 2014

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There is increasing evidence that acute aerobic exercise is associated with improved cognitive function. However, neural correlates of its cognitive plasticity remain largely unknown. The present study examined the effect of a session of acute aerobic exercise on working memory task-evoked brain activity as well as task performance. A within-subjects design with a counterbalanced order was employed. Fifteen young female participants (M = 19.56, SD = 0.81) were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a working memory task, the N-back task, both following an acute exercise session with 20 minutes of moderate intensity and a control rest session. Although an acute session of exercise did not improve behavioral performance, we observed that it had a significant impact on brain activity during the 2-back condition of the N-back task. Specifically, acute exercise induced increased brain activation in the right middle prefrontal gyrus, the right lingual gyrus, and the left fusiform gyrus as well as deactivations in the anterior cingulate cortexes, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the right paracentral lobule. Despite the lack of an effect on behavioral measures, significant changes after acute exercise with activation of the prefrontal and occipital cortexes and deactivation of the anterior cingulate cortexes and left frontal hemisphere reflect the improvement of executive control processes, indicating that acute exercise could benefit working memory at a macro-neural level. In addition to its effects on reversing recent obesity and disease trends, our results provide substantial evidence highlighting the importance of promoting physical activity across the lifespan to prevent or reverse cognitive and neural decline.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Acute Aerobic Exercise Increases Cortical Activity during Working Memory: A Functional MRI Study in Female College Students

et al. 2014

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“…Rusted and Warburton noted that the underlying WM deficit associated with Ch blockade was an impairment of strategic executive processing in WM (1988). The few studies that have examined the effects of Ch deficits on neural systems during WM performance have reported functional activity differences within lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) during Ch antagonism (Dumas et al, 2008; Voss et al, 2012). The central executive system has been shown to be mediated by lateral prefrontal cortex (D’Esposito et al, 1995; Rypma and D’Esposito, 1999; Rypma et al, 2002, 1999; Rypma, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Executive Dysfunction and Deferred Prefrontal Processing in Veterans With Gulf War Illness

Hubbard

Hutchison

Motes

et al. 2013

Clinical Psychological Science

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Gulf War Illness is associated with toxic exposure to cholinergic disruptive chemicals. The cholinergic system has been shown to mediate the central executive of working memory (WM). The current work proposes that impairment of the cholinergic system in Gulf War Illness patients (GWIPs) leads to behavioral and neural deficits of the central executive of WM. A large sample of GWIPs and matched controls (MCs) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a varied-load working memory task. Compared to MCs, GWIPs showed a greater decline in performance as WM-demand increased. Functional imaging suggested that GWIPs evinced separate processing strategies, deferring prefrontal cortex activity from encoding to retrieval for high demand conditions. Greater activity during high-demand encoding predicted greater WM performance. Behavioral data suggest that WM executive strategies are impaired in GWIPs. Functional data further support this hypothesis and suggest that GWIPs utilize less effective strategies during high-demand WM.

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“…Similarly, in a previous perfusion imaging study with similar SCO pretreatment (1 hour) an increased rCBV was found in young dogs, unexpectedly (28). Furthermore, in the frontal and prefrontal cortical areas during a working memory task hyperactivation due to SCO was also reported (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Deciphering the scopolamine challenge rat model by preclinical functional MRI

Somogyi

Hlatky

Spisák³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Systemic administration of cholinergic antagonist scopolamine (SCO) is a widely used model to induce experimental cognitive impairment during preclinical drug testing of putative procognitive compounds. This model, however, has limited predictive validity partly due to its peripheral side-effects, therefore objective neuroimaging measures would greatly enhance its translational value. To this end, we administered SCO and peripherally acting butylscopolamine (BSCO) in preclinical functional MRI (fMRI, 9.4T) studies and measured their effects on whisker stimulation induced fMRI activation in Wistar rats. Beside the commonly used gradient echo echo-planar imaging (GE EPI) an arterial spin labeling method was also used to elucidate the vasculature-related properties of the BOLD-response. To account for anesthesia-effects, in two separate experiments we used isoflurane and combined (isoflurane + i.p. dexmedetomidine) anesthesia. In the second experiment with GE EPI and spin echo (SE) EPI sequences the effect of donepezil (DON) was also examined. In isoflurane anesthesia with GE EPI, SCO decreased the evoked BOLD response in the barrel cortex (BC), while BSCO increased it in the anterior cingulate cortex. In the combined anesthesia SCO decreased the activation in the BC as well as in the inferior colliculus (IC) while BSCO reduced the response merely in the IC. Our results revealed that SCO attenuated the evoked BOLD activation in the BC as a probable central effect in both experiments while its other detected actions depended on the type of anesthesia or dose and the given fMRI sequences.

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Cholinergic blockade under working memory demands encountered by increased rehearsal strategies: evidence from fMRI in healthy subjects

Cited by 13 publications

References 71 publications

Acute Aerobic Exercise Increases Cortical Activity during Working Memory: A Functional MRI Study in Female College Students

Acute Aerobic Exercise Increases Cortical Activity during Working Memory: A Functional MRI Study in Female College Students

Central Executive Dysfunction and Deferred Prefrontal Processing in Veterans With Gulf War Illness

Deciphering the scopolamine challenge rat model by preclinical functional MRI

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