Effects of processing variables on polypropylene degradation and long chain branching with UV irradiation

Amintowlieh, Yasaman; Tzoganakis, Costas; Hatzikiriakos, Savvas G.; Penlidis, Alexander

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.03.016

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In order to study the processing variables and identify optimal processing conditions, a D‐optimal design of experiments was carried out. The above mentioned variables were studied within the ranges explained in reference . Table (copied from reference) shows these variables and their limits within the design of experiments.…”

Section: Results and Discussion: Pp Photomodificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By analyzing viscoelastic properties, empirical models were acquired for each viscoelastic response (η 0 , λ, n, ER, ModSep and PI). See reference for more details on the effect of the variables on viscoelastic properties and PP molecular structure.…”

Section: Results and Discussion: Pp Photomodificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photomodification can be employed to successfully modify the PP molecular structure . However, there are certain limitations to this technique which should be addressed.…”

Section: Results and Discussion: Pp Photomodificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of the Potential of UV Modification of Polypropylene

Amintowlieh

Tzoganakis

Penlidis

2016

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: UV radiation with a photoinitiator has been utilized to modify polypropylene (PP). Factors affecting solid state photomodification were studied and the optimal processing conditions for formation of three different structures (degraded, long chain branched and crosslinked) in PP were determined. A long radiation time (more than 5 minutes) is required to form long chain branched PP (LCBPP) and this exposure time is even higher for production of crosslinked PP (XPP). Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was utilized to decrease UV radiation duration. Optimal concentrations of TMPTA and photoinitiator for formation of long chain branched and crosslinked PP were determined. Finally, a setup was suggested for continuous photomodification of PP using a twin screw extruder. In this design, PP strands are irradiated directly after the die. Optimal photoinitiator (benzophenone) concentration, coagent (TMPTA) concentration and radiation time required to form controlled rheology (CRPP) or long chain branched PP or crosslinked PP were identified.

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Section: Results and Discussion: Pp Photomodificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussion: Pp Photomodificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of the Potential of UV Modification of Polypropylene

Amintowlieh

Tzoganakis

Penlidis

2016

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…Moreover, EB and gamma radiation are rather expensive sources of energy and using them involves additional safety issues. Recently, UV radiation under controlled conditions was successfully used to introduce LCB to PP . UV radiation is accessible and a rather inexpensive source of energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the excited state, it can abstract a hydrogen from the PP backbone and form a macroradical. In more recent work, PP has been modified in the solid state using BPH as photoinitiator. The effect of radiation conditions, such as radiation time, UV lamp intensity, and cooling rate, along with concentration (and type) of photoinitiator on PP modification were investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of depth and duration of UV radiation on polypropylene modification via photoinitiation

Amintowlieh

Tzoganakis

Penlidis

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Linear polypropylene (PP) was modified using UV radiation in the presence of 0.5 wt % of benzophenone photoinitiator to introduce long chain branching (LCB) to the PP backbone. Irradiation was carried out in the solid state and the temperature level was kept below 60°C. The effects of radiation duration and sample thickness on the extent of these branching modification reactions were investigated. Viscoelastic properties, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and gel content were determined and compared for runs having different sample thicknesses, irradiated for different times. Comparisons were also conducted with the parent PP and the PP mixed with photoinitiator. It was found that LCB decreased by increasing the thickness of the samples. Conversely, an increase in radiation duration resulted in enhanced LCB but also led to larger gel content in the samples. Based on all these measurements and observations, a mechanism was suggested to explain formation of long chain branches (LCBs) in PP in the solid state via photoinitiation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41021.

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Study of the degradation and recyclability of polyethylene and polypropylene present in the marine environment

Pelegrini

Maraschin

Brandalise

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) are two of the most widely used polymers in the world, and consequently the main polymer waste that contributes to the pollution of the oceans. Because they are considered inert to degradation, such waste becomes a threat to marine life. In this study, it was possible to collect data on the recyclability of PP and PE waste collected from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. First, the degradation conditions suffered by these materials were evaluated. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy assays presented different levels of carbonyl in different layers below the surface of each material and scanning electron microscopy tests showed cracks and microorganisms. The mechanical and rheological properties were evaluated in order to evaluate the recyclability of samples exposed to the marine environment. From the study, it can be concluded that, despite the levels of degradation of the samples, it is possible to obtain satisfactory properties for mechanically recycled products. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48215.

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Effects of processing variables on polypropylene degradation and long chain branching with UV irradiation

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

An Overview of the Potential of UV Modification of Polypropylene

An Overview of the Potential of UV Modification of Polypropylene

The effect of depth and duration of UV radiation on polypropylene modification via photoinitiation

Study of the degradation and recyclability of polyethylene and polypropylene present in the marine environment

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