Effects of process parameters on thermal properties of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites throughout the direct long‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics process

Whitfield, Thomas; Kuboki, Takashi; Wood, Jeffrey; Ugresic, Vanja; Sathyanarayana, S.; Dagnon, Koffi L.

doi:10.1002/pen.24718

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The drive for reducing processing steps and saving shipping and handling costs for LFT pellets resulted in the adoption of Direct LFT In-Line Compounding (D-LFT-ILC or D-LFT), in the 1990s. The D-LFT process combines the moulding station (either injection moulding [168] or compression moulding [27,28,169–171]) with the in-line compounding of fibres with the matrix polymer. The charge produced from in-line compounding is used for subsequent injection or compression moulding, as shown schematically in Figure 7.…”

Section: Process Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various thermoplastic polymers have been used as LFT matrices, ranging from commodity polymers to high-performance engineering polymers. The thermoplastic polymers used in LFT include polypropylene (PP) [19][20][21][22][23][24], high-density polyethylene (HDPE) [25,26], nylon 6 or polyamide 6 (PA6) [27][28][29], nylon 66 or polyamide 66 (PA66) [5,6,30], polylactic acid (PLA) [31], polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) [32], poly butylene terephthalate (PBT) [33], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [34], thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) [35], polyoxymethylene (POM) [36,37], polyphynelenesulfide (PPS) [38][39][40][41], polyaryletherketone (PAEK) [42], and polyetherketoneetherketoneketone (PEEKEK) [43]. It is estimated that 65% of the LFT market is polypropylene-based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of Long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites

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Lü

Hassen

et al. 2019

International Materials Reviews

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Long fibre-reinforced thermoplastic or long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites possess superior specific modulus and strength, excellent impact resistance, and other advantages such as ease of processability, recyclability, and excellent corrosion resistance. These advantages make LFT composites one of the most advanced lightweight engineering materials and enable their increasing use in various applications. This review paper summarises the research and development work that has been conducted on LFT composites since their initial development. Different aspects of LFTs, such as process development, fibre orientation distribution (FOD), fibre length distribution (FLD), and their effects on the mechanical properties of LFT composites are described. The characterisation of the FOD and FLD in the LFT composites using advanced imaging technology such as highresolution 3D micro-CT scanning technique is summarised. Research and development of LFT hybridisation and LFT additives are also discussed. Finally, conclusions are made and the future outlook of LFT composites is given.

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Section: Process Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of Long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites

Ning

Lü

Hassen

et al. 2019

International Materials Reviews

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“…The direct long‐fiber reinforced thermoplastics (D‐LFT) process, depicted in Fig. , is an efficient manufacturing process starting from raw materials and leading to a final product . This process prevents the use of semifinished products as well as reductions in fiber length during processing .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of extruder screw configurations on thermal properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 composites throughout the direct long‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics process

et al. 2019

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The direct long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (D-LFT) process is a series of processes involving two twin-screw extruders, a conveyer, and a compression molding machine. The second twin-screw extruder is designed for mixing continuous fibers with polymer melt and plays an important role in the D-LFT process. This study investigates effects of the screw configurations of the second extruder on thermal properties of glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites throughout the D-LFT process. Two screw configurations, which generate low and high shear stress in composite melt (named the conveying and mixing screws, respectively), were used in the second twin-screw extruder. Samples were taken from four different locations along the D-LFT process and characterized using triple detection gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results suggested that the molecular weight of the PA6 matrix increased in the later stages of the D-LFT process (i.e., after the second extruder) by branching of PA6 molecules. In addition, the mixing screw decreased the molecular weight of the PA6 matrix more than the conveying screw. However, such a decrease in molecular weight had little influence on the thermal stability and crystallization behavior of the composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3500-3509, 2019. POLYMER COMPOSITES-2019 FIG. 2. Screw configurations of second extruder: (a) conveying screw and (b) mixing screw, where flow direction of material is from left to right.

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Manufacturing of bio‐based thermoplastic composites using industrial process for high‐volume applications

2021

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The use of high strength‐to‐weight ratio materials in automotive component is a solution to reduce fuel consumption and decrease greenhouse gases emissions. Fiber reinforced composite materials are believed to enable weight saving that cannot be achieved with metals while meeting component mechanical requirements. Moreover, the use of renewable bio‐based composites is seen as a key aspect to further address the reduction of greenhouse gases emission. However, composite manufacturing process must meet short cycle time, performance, and cost targeted by the transportation industry in order to be considered as replacement materials. This article investigates the use of an industrial compression—direct long fiber thermoplastic (D‐LFT) process line to manufacture cellulose reinforced bio‐based polyamide parts in order to increase the penetration of sustainable materials in the transportation sectors. Process evaluation and composite performance were first carried out on a simple 2D geometry. Then the use of 100% bio‐sourced materials with the high‐throughput D‐LFT process was validated with the manufacturing of an automotive composite seat pan demonstrator. Bio‐based composite parts were successfully manufactured. Tensile properties in the range of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene composites traditionally used with the D‐LFT process were measured, validating the potential of cellulose–biopolyamide composite materials for industrial applications.

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Effects of process parameters on thermal properties of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites throughout the direct long‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics process

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

A review of Long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites

A review of Long fibre thermoplastic (LFT) composites

Effects of extruder screw configurations on thermal properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 composites throughout the direct long‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics process

Manufacturing of bio‐based thermoplastic composites using industrial process for high‐volume applications

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