“…An initial meta-analysis of the after-effects of exercising selfcontrol found evidence for consistent, large effects (Hagger, Wood, Stiff, & Chatzisarantis, 2010), but more recent meta-analyses concluded that the effect does not differ from zero after adjusting for publication bias (Carter, Kofler, Forster, & Mccullough, 2015;Carter & McCullough, 2014). However, the validity of the bias correction techniques used by Carter and McCullough have been called into question (see Inzlicht, Gervais, & Berkman, 2015b;Moreno et al, 2009;Reed, 2015;Simonsohn, 2017), and although one multi-laboratory test of the resource model found a non-significant after-effect of self-control exertion (Hagger et al, 2016), other preregistered, large-sample studies have found statistically significant (if smaller than expected) effects (Dang, Liu, Liu, & Mao, 2017;Garrison, Finley, & Schmeichel, 2017). Schmeichel, & Macrae, 2014), exercising self-control is an aversive activity that causes shifts in motivation and attention that combine to undermine subsequent attempts at self-control.…”