Effects of Pretreatment with Bifidobacterium bifidum Using 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequencing in a Mouse Model of Acute Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium

Abstract

Background Bifidobacterium is a potentially effective and safe treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. However, information on the influence of B. bifidum on gut microbial diversity of treated and pretreated IBD patients is limited. Material/Methods Our study investigated therapeutic and preventive effects of B. bifidum ATCC 29521 on C57BL/6 mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis via 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequencing. Results Treatment and pretreatment of mice with B. bifidum ATCC 29521 significantly alleviated the severity of acute colitis on the basis of clinical and pathologic indicators. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that administration of B. bifidum shifted composition of the gut microbiome in mice with DSS-induced colitis in both treated and pretreated groups. Mice pretreated with B. bifidum ATCC 29521 for 21 days exhibited a significant increase in diversity of the gut microbiome. Principal coordinate analysis showed that gut microbiota structure was shaped by different treatments and time points. On the basis of linear discriminant analysis of effect size, the abundance of the genus Escherichia-Shigella , belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, was reduced in the B. bifidum -treated group, indicating that pathogens were inhibited by the B. bifidum treatment. Furthermore, the genera Intestinimonas and Bacteroides were significantly associated with the B. bifidum -pretreated group. Conclusions 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that pretreatment with B. bifidum ATCC 29521 reduced intestinal inflammation and altered the gut microbiota to favor the genera Intestinimonas and Bacteroides .

The Potential of Probiotics to Eradicate Gut Carriage of Pathogenic or Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterobacterales

“…However, in a review in 2019, Gaud Catho et al suggest that there is not enough available evidence to recommend these decolonization strategies for the intestinal carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales in routine clinical practice [ 16 ]. Although the results of the routine clinical practice of probiotics in eradicating the gut carriage of antimicrobial-resistant Enterobacterales were inconclusive before 2019, many subsequent ex vivo, in vivo, and animal studies are now ongoing [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

“…The eradication of pathogenic Enterobacterales by supplementation with probiotics has been confirmed in several animal models [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 23 ]. Mice pretreated with B. bifidum ATCC 29521 exhibited a significant increase in the diversity of the gut microbiome, and a decrease in the abundance of the genus Escherichia-Shigella , belonging to the family Enterobacterales [ 17 ]. These changes in microbiota after B. bifidum ATCC 29521 pretreatment were associated with a decrease in the severity of inflammatory bowel disease [ 17 ].…”

“…Mice pretreated with B. bifidum ATCC 29521 exhibited a significant increase in the diversity of the gut microbiome, and a decrease in the abundance of the genus Escherichia-Shigella , belonging to the family Enterobacterales [ 17 ]. These changes in microbiota after B. bifidum ATCC 29521 pretreatment were associated with a decrease in the severity of inflammatory bowel disease [ 17 ]. Moreover, L. rhamnosus GG could reduce the mortality rate of septic mice by modulating gut microbiota composition, especially reducing the lipopolysaccharide producers, such as Enterobacterales [ 18 ].…”

“…Supplementation with probiotics has been investigated for the alleviation of the disease severity of systemic or gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, such as sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, and chemotherapy- or radiation-induced gastrointestinal mucositis [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 28 , 29 ]. For example, patients receiving cytotoxic and radiation therapy showed striking alterations in intestinal microbiota with, most frequently, a decrease in Bifidobacterium, Clostridium cluster XIVa and F. prausnitzii, and an increase in Enterobacterales and Bacteroides [ 28 ].…”

“…The common, safe, and well-studied probiotics used to eradicate the gut carriage of Enterobacterales in humans include the Lactobacillus [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ] and Bifidobacterium [ 17 , 47 , 48 ] species. In extremely low-birth-weight infants, L. reuteri supplementation for one week resulted in a lower abundance of Enterobacterales and Staphylococcaceae [ 44 ].…”