Effects of prefabricated and custom-made foot orthoses on skin temperature of the foot soles after running

Gil-Calvo, Marina; Priego-Quesada, José Ignacio; Jiménez-Pérez, Irene; Lucas-Cuevas, AG; Pérez-Soriano, Pedro

doi:10.1088/1361-6579/ab1c8c

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…To our knowledge, only a few reports present results relating to the possibility of assessing muscular effort and the efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms based on the use of IRT. The nature of thermal changes in the body surface over the working muscles during and after exercise was assessed in handball players, rowers [ 30 ], basketball players [ 31 ], runners [ 32 ], cyclists [ 33 ], kickboxing, and Muay Thai fighters [ 34 ]. Single studies have looked at the use of IRT in assessing symmetry of muscle involvement in swimming [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Imaging of Exercise-Associated Skin Temperature Changes in Swimmers Subjected to 2-min Intensive Exercise on a VASA Swim Bench Ergometer

Knyszyńska

Radecka

Lubkowska

2021

IJERPH

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An important element of swimming training is the improvement of muscle strength and the technique of swimming movements on dry land. The heat generated by the muscles involved in the effort contributes to a change in the temperature of the skin surface, which can be assessed by the IRT method. The aim of the study was to assess the symmetry and dynamics of changes in surface temperatures of selected areas of the body in swimmers after exercise on a swimming ergometer with the use of IRT. A total of 12 swimmers (aged 19 ± 1.3 years) completed a two-minute stress test (front crawl swimming movements) using a VASA Swim Ergometer, with a load of 5. Using an IRT camera (FLIR E60), postexercise changes in back and upper limbs surface temperature in relation to the resting values were observed. After exercise, the temperature value of all assessed areas decreased, apparently in the area of the back and the back of the arms, returning to the baseline values after 12 min of observation. There was no asymmetry in mean temperature values between the right and left upper limbs. IRT is a noninvasive and sensitive tool for the individual analysis of changes in body surface temperature in swimmers after training on dry land.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Imaging of Exercise-Associated Skin Temperature Changes in Swimmers Subjected to 2-min Intensive Exercise on a VASA Swim Bench Ergometer

Knyszyńska

Radecka

Lubkowska

2021

IJERPH

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“…The foot shows greater increases in skin temperature after exercise (~5 -10°C) than more proximal regions of the body (~1 -5°C) (Formenti, Merla and Quesada, 2017;Gil-Calvo et al, 2019). Many factors can influence plantar temperature changes during exercise: mechanical forces acting on the plantar surface (friction and pressure), blood flow, intrinsic muscle activity, viscoelastic heat generation by fat or other tissues (Yavuz et al, 2014), environmental temperature, human thermoregulation, footwear insulation/breathability (Kuklane, 2004;Shimazaki and Murata, 2015;West et al, 2019), intrinsic factors (age, sex, body composition, level of physical fitness,…) (Formenti et al, 2013;Chudecka, Lubkowska and Kempińska-Podhorodecka, 2014;Chudecka and Lubkowska, 2015) and extrinsic factors (hydration, eating, smoking,…) (Moreira et al, 2017).…”

Section: 2sole Of the Foot Or Footwear Outsole Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature

Jiménez-Pérez¹,

Gil-Calvo²,

Palmer³

et al. 2021

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective: The temperature of the sole of the foot has been suggested as an alternative to the measurement of plantar pressure during running despite the scarce evidence about their relationship. The temperature of the footwear outsole could also be representative of plantar pressure distribution due to its less multifactorial dependence. The aim of the study was to determine if plantar pressure during a prolonged run could be related to plantar temperature, either of the sole of the foot or the footwear outsole. Approach: Thirty recreational runners (15 males and 15 females) performed a 30-minute running test on a treadmill. Thermographic images of the sole of the foot and the footwear outsole were taken before and immediately after the test, and dynamic plantar pressure was measured at the end of the test. Pearson correlations and stepwise multiple linear regressions were performed. Main results: Plantar pressure percentage was related to a moderate correlation with plantar temperature percentage in forefoot and rearfoot (P<0.05), showing a greater relationship with the footwear outsole than with the sole of the foot (r=0.52-0.73 vs r=0.40-0.61, respectively). Moreover, moderate correlations were also observed between footwear outsole and sole of the foot temperature variables, especially in rearfoot. Significance: Footwear outsole temperature may be better related to plantar pressure distribution than sole of the foot temperature, in the forefoot and rearfoot. The midfoot is the most sensitive and variable region to analyze, as it does not seem to have any relationship with plantar pressure.

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“…In this adaptation period, participants were asked to wear the foot orthoses during the whole day for the first two days and, during the training sessions of these days, only in the warm-up and the cool down. From the third day onwards, if they did not experience discomfort, they had to wear the foot orthoses during their entire training session [35]. In addition, the participants wore their own running footwear in the three tests and in their adaptation periods in order to introduce no further changes in their running customary condition [36].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of custom-made and prefabricated foot orthoses on kinematic parameters during an intense prolonged run

et al. 2020

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Foot orthoses are one of the most used strategies by healthy runners in injury prevention and performance improvement. However, their effect on running kinematics throughout an intense prolonged run in this population is unknown. Moreover, there is some controversy regarding the use of custom-made versus prefabricated foot orthoses. This study analysed the effect of different foot orthoses (custom-made, prefabricated and a control condition) on spatio-temporal and angular (knee flexion and foot eversion) kinematic parameters and their behaviour during an intense prolonged run. Twenty-four recreational runners performed three similar tests that consisted of running 20 min on a treadmill at 80% of their maximal aerobic speed, each one with a different foot orthosis condition. Contact and flight time, and stride length and stride rate were measured every 5 min by an optical measurement photoelectric cell system. Knee flexion and foot eversion kinematic parameters were measured by two high-speed cameras. No significant differences were found between the different foot orthoses in any of the time points studied and between the interaction of foot orthosis and behaviour over time, in any of the variables studied (P > 0.05). The use of custom-made and prefabricated foot orthoses during an intense prolonged run does not produce changes in spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters in healthy runners. These results suggest that a healthy runner maintains its ideal movement pattern throughout a 20 minute prolonged run, regardless the type of foot orthosis used.

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Effects of prefabricated and custom-made foot orthoses on skin temperature of the foot soles after running

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Thermal Imaging of Exercise-Associated Skin Temperature Changes in Swimmers Subjected to 2-min Intensive Exercise on a VASA Swim Bench Ergometer

Thermal Imaging of Exercise-Associated Skin Temperature Changes in Swimmers Subjected to 2-min Intensive Exercise on a VASA Swim Bench Ergometer

Footwear outsole temperature may be more related to plantar pressure during a prolonged run than foot temperature

Effect of custom-made and prefabricated foot orthoses on kinematic parameters during an intense prolonged run

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