Effects of preconceptional paternal drug exposure on birth outcomes: cohort study of 340 000 pregnancies using Norwegian population‐based databases

Abstract

AIMSWe aimed to explore associations between drugs dispensed to the father prior to conception and pregnancy outcomes, such as pre-term birth, perinatal mortality, foetal growth retardation and birth defects. METHODSIn this cohort study, two population-based registries, the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database, were linked. The study cohort consisted of 340 000 pregnancies in 2004-10. The association between specific drugs dispensed to the fathers during the last 3 months prior to conception and pregnancy outcomes was explored by estimating odds ratios (ORs) using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTSAbout one quarter (26%) of the fathers were dispensed at least one drug during the last 3 months prior to conception and 1.3% were dispensed at least one drug requiring special attention. Overall, the odds of different adverse pregnancy outcomes were not increased when the father had been dispensed drugs, i.e. the OR and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for any birth defect when the fathers had been dispensed any drug were 0.99 (0.94, 1.0). When the fathers had been dispensed diazepam we found increased risk of perinatal mortality and growth retardation, with OR and 95% CIs of 2.2 (1.2, 3.9) and 1.4 (1.2, 1.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONSLarge studies are necessary to reveal increased risk of rare outcomes as specific birth defects. Our study did not indicate that paternal drug exposure is an important risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Birth Outcome of Children Fathered by Men Treated with Systemic Corticosteroids during the Conception Period – A Cohort Study based on Nationwide Data

“…A previous study of SCS use by men in Norway (based on 1477 prednisolone‐exposed fathers) suggested an OR of any birth defect of 1.2 (95% CI: 0.9–1.5) . Although this study is reassuring, our current study was over a longer period of time, had distinct categories of corticosteroid ‘users’ and had a larger number of fathers who filled prescriptions for corticosteroids prior to conception.…”

“…Types of CAs according to ICD-10 SCS exposed (current users 1 + Current users 2) Number (%) 1 1 Children with CAs might have more than one type of congenital abnormality. 2 No distinct pattern of CAs within this group. 3 Excluding Q5.59 undescended testis.…”

“…Represents 2218 different fathers exposed to SCS and 600,380 different unexposed fathers. 2 Missing (%): smoking for exposed groups 59/2380 = 2.5%, smoking for unexposed groups 28,235/1,011,614 = 2.8%, BMI for exposed cohort 974/2,380 = 40.9%, BMI for unexposed cohort 462,153/1,011,614 = 45.7%. 3 Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.…”

“…Adjusted for mother's age, fathers age, parity (1 or more than 1), gender of the child, mother's BMI (<18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25-29.9, ≥30, kg/m 2 ) and maternal smoking in pregnancy (yes/no) 2. A total of eight of 2380 (0.34%) in the exposed group and had missing data on birthweight and/or gestational age.© 2017 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society)…”

Farmacocinética E Mecanismos De Teratogenicidade Dos Medicamentos Na Gestação: Uma Revisão Da Literatura.

“…Os mecanismos envolvidos podem ser por ações mutagênicas diretas, distúrbios na espermatogênese ou a transferência de metabólitos ativos para a mãe por meio do sêmen. Apesar de haver inconsistência de alguns achados, estudos epidemiológicos sugerem a associação entre o uso de diazepan pelo pai e o risco aumentado de mortalidade perinatal e retardo de crescimento intrauterino (40,41). Ainda sobre as alterações com a espermatogênese estudos apontam o uso da finasterida como risco para anomalias congênitas (42) Exposição aos medicamentos de risco.…”