Effects of Prebiotic Fiber Xylooligosaccharide in Adenine‐Induced Nephropathy in Mice

Abstract

These results show that XOS intervention improves kidney function in mice with CKD, and is associated with profound changes in microbial composition and metabolism.

Prebiotics Regulation of Intestinal Microbiota Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Surgery Stimulation in APP/PS1 Mice

“…Similar to the present results, there is no evidence for the change of Lactobacillus in AD and Parkinson’s disease, although it is beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases [ 36 - 38 ] and could reduce intestinal dysfunction in gluten-specific related immune responses [ 39 ]. XOS is not food for lactobacillus , but previous studies showed that XOS intervention could increase the level of lactobacillus in mice and pigs [ 13 , 40 ]. The possible reason is that XOS could modulate the intestinal environment, while improved intestinal environment is beneficial for lactobacillus survival.…”

“…Known as non-digestible or low-digestibility food ingredients, prebiotics could regulate intestinal microbiota and improve host health [ 11 ]. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS), a prebiotics fiber composed of 2-7 xylose molecules bound by β-1,4 glycoside bonds, has been proved to be beneficial in both clinical and animal studies, including downregulating the proportion of pathogenic bacteria of intestinal tract, decreasing peripheral and central inflammatory mediators [ 3 , 12 , 13 ]. The APP/PS1 mice exhibit fragile brain associated with β-amyloid elevation and behavioral abnormalities [ 14 ].…”

The Kidney–Gut–Muscle Axis in End-Stage Renal Disease is Similarly Represented in Older Adults

“…Fecal levels of acetate, propionate, and butyrate are increased following dietary fiber fermentation by gut bacteria [36], and accordingly, fiber-based interventions would be expected to positively affect the kidney-gut-muscle axis in animal models of ESRD. In support of this, fecal SCFAs are increased, renal and intestinal barrier function are improved, and circulating levels of urea and PCS are decreased in response to dietary fiber supplementation [23,37]. Although Van Hung et al and Yang et al [23,37] did not evaluate the effect of dietary fiber on intestinal Enterobacteriaceae abundance or on skeletal muscle, alternatively, intramuscular lipid content was reduced in conjunction with decreased circulating levels of PCS in response to dietary fiber supplementation with arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) [19].…”

“…In support of this, fecal SCFAs are increased, renal and intestinal barrier function are improved, and circulating levels of urea and PCS are decreased in response to dietary fiber supplementation [23,37]. Although Van Hung et al and Yang et al [23,37] did not evaluate the effect of dietary fiber on intestinal Enterobacteriaceae abundance or on skeletal muscle, alternatively, intramuscular lipid content was reduced in conjunction with decreased circulating levels of PCS in response to dietary fiber supplementation with arabino-xylo-oligosaccharides (AXOS) [19]. SCFAs were not quantified in Koppe et al [19], but fecal levels of butyrate, and the sum of acetate, propionate, and butyrate are increased in response to AXOS feeding [38,39].…”

A Renal Clinician's Guide to the Gut Microbiota

“…Lau et al 56 observed that 5/6 nephrectomy rats had lower bacterial diversity and a higher relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes and fewer Firmicutes, compared with rats with normal kidney function. In adenineinduced CKD mice, Yang et al 57 found that there were 17 genera that were different between normal and CKD mice. Particularly, Dorea, Coprobacillus, Clostridium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus, unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae, Staphylococcus, Allobaculum, and Blautia were enriched in the CKD mice cecal digesta.…”