Effects of Prebiotic‐Containing Infant Formula on Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Fecal Microbiota in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Holscher, Hannah D.; Faust, Kristin; Czerkies, Laura; Litov, Richard E.; Ziegler, Ekhard E.; Lessin, Herschel R.; Hatch, Terry F.; Sun, Shumei S.; Tappenden, Kelly A.

doi:10.1177/0148607111430087

Cited by 91 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…20 The addition of the prebiotic GOS/FOS mixture to an infant formula was proven to have a stimulating effect on the growth of bifido 21 and feces from infants fed a GOS/GOS mixture had a higher absolute number (P D 0.0083) and proportion (P D 0.0219) of bifido, very similar to breastfed infants. 22 An intervention of 26 weeks with 6 g/L scGOS and lcFOS (ratio 9:1) resulted in increased percentages of bifido in the supplemented group (60.4%) compared to the control group (52.6%, P D 0.04). The percentages of Clostridium spp.…”

Section: Prebiotics Gut Metabolic Activity and Bifidogenic Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…27 Fecal pH was lower (P D 0.01) in breastfed and prebiotic-formula fed infants than with standard infant formula. 22 A low level of GOS (0.24 g/100 mL) in infant formula brings the fecal pH to the same level as with human milk. 17 In a recent, large trial including 365 infants receiving GOS up to the age of 1 year, fecal pH was decreased.…”

Section: Prebiotics and Fecal Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prebiotics in infant formula

2014

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The gastrointestinal microbiota of breast-fed babies differ from classic standard formula fed infants. While mother's milk is rich in prebiotic oligosaccharides and contains small amounts of probiotics, standard infant formula doesn't. Different prebiotic oligosaccharides are added to infant formula: galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharide, polydextrose, and mixtures of these. There is evidence that addition of prebiotics in infant formula alters the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota resembling that of breastfed infants. They are added to infant formula because of their presence in breast milk. Infants on these supplemented formula have a lower stool pH, a better stool consistency and frequency and a higher concentration of bifidobacteria in their intestine compared to infants on a non-supplemented standard formula. Since most studies suggest a trend for beneficial clinical effects, and since these ingredients are very safe, prebiotics bring infant formula one step closer to breastmilk, the golden standard. However, despite the fact that adverse events are rare, the evidence on prebiotics of a significant health benefit throughout the alteration of the gut microbiota is limited.

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Section: Prebiotics Gut Metabolic Activity and Bifidogenic Effectmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Prebiotics and Fecal Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics in infant formula

2014

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“…The results showed that OFS supplementation decreased serum ALT and AST levels significantly compared to that in placebo group. Prebiotics of mixed galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides (9:1) also showed stimulating effect on abundance of Bifidobacteria bacteria in infants [132]. Similarly, administration of prebiotic inulin and oligofructose (50:50 in mixture) increased abundance of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which negatively correlated with serum LPS levels [133].…”

Section: Gut Microbiota-targeted Therapy With Prebioticmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Increasing abundance and proportion of bifidobacteria Formula-fed infants (FF) [132] ITF prebiotics (inulin+oligofru ctose) …”

Section: Probiotic Mixturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights on Mechanism and Therapy

Ma¹,

Zhou²,

Li³

2017

Preprint

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Gut microbiota play critical roles in development of obese-related metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance, which highlighted the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapies on these diseases. There are various ways that can manipulate gut microbiota including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics and some active components from herbal medicines. In this review, we first described the main roles of gut microbiota in mediating the development of NAFLD, and the advances in gut microbiota-targeted therapies in NAFLD in both the experimental and clinical studies, as well as the conclusions on the prospect of gut microbiotatargeted therapies in the future.

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“…mesenteric lymph nodes (mainly answer to the commensal stimulus of benefic bacteria for healthy status, characterized by the development of tolerance in the intestinal epithelium. The activation capacity of the immune system by prebiotics is related to a modulatory effect on the gut flora (HOLSCHER et al, 2012) and to stimulation of the immune system via different mechanisms of action NÖRNBERG, 2003).…”

Section: Crypt (µMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitooligosaccharide for piglets: effects on performance, viscera and intestinal morphometry

Oliveira

Silva

Lozano

et al. 2017

SCA

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the dose-response effect of a chitooligosaccharide (COS) produced by Universidade Estadual de Londrina over performance, diarrhea episodes, visceral characteristics and morphometry. A total of 72 Pen Ar Lan ® piglets were weaned at 23 days and 7.51 ± 1.35 kg of BW. The treatment was a basic diet plus inclusion of 0, 50, 100, or 150 ppm of COS (100 mg/kg). For the visceral and morphometric evaluation, 24 animals were slaughtered at 31 days of age with 11.01 ± 1.25 kg of BW. No regression effect over the performance or diarrhea prevalence was observed. Higher doses of COS led to higher absolute values for large intestine weight, villus height in the jejunum and crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum; the villus/crypt ratio in the ileum was higher until the level of 100 ppm COS. More lesions were observed in the intestinal epithelium along with a higher total number of lymphocytes and eosinophils in the duodenum. High numbers of eosinophils were observed in the ileum when a higher level of COS was used. In general, increasing levels of COS led to better intestinal morphometry and activated somatic cells in the lamina propria of the piglet intestine; however, no influence was observed in the productive performance of these animals. Considering all studied parameters, the COS level of 100 ppm was the most promising under these experimental conditions. Key words: Nursery. Diarrhea. Prebiotic. Performance. Alternative. Oliveira, E. R. et al. Resumoe peso de órgãos de leitões aos 31 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 72 leitões de genética Pen Ar Lan®, desmamados com idade média inicial de 23 dias e peso de 7,51 ± 1,35 kg. Os tratamentos consistiram em uma dieta base com os níveis de inclusão de 0, 50, 100 e 150 ppm de QOS. Para a avaliação visceral e morfohistométrica, 24 animais foram abatidos aos 31 dias de idade e peso de 11,01 ± 1,25 kg. Não houve efeito de regressão sobre o desempenho ou incidência de diarreia. O aumento da dose utilizada de QOS levou a um aumento nos valores referentes ao peso relativo do intestino grosso, à altura de vilosidades de jejuno e à profundidade de cripta no jejuno e íleo, enquanto que, a relação vilos/cripta deste último segmento foi crescente apenas até o uso de 100 ppm de QOS. Observou-se aumento de lesões no epitélio intestinal e contagem de linfócitos e eosinófilos no duodeno e eosinófilos também no íleo com o aumento da dose do QOS até 150 ppm. De maneira geral, os níveis crescentes de QOS melhoraram a morfofisiologia intestinal e ativaram a células somáticas na lâmina própria do intestino dos leitões, entretanto, não houve influência sobre o desempenho produtivo dos animais. Frente a todos os parâmetros estudados, o nível de 100 ppm de QOS mostrou-se o mais promissor para as condições propostas por este experimento. Palavras-chave: Creche. Diarreia. Prebiótico. Performance. Alternativa.the inflammatory process in the intestine (HAN et al., 2007;MA et al., 2014;YIN et al., 2008).

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Effects of Prebiotic‐Containing Infant Formula on Gastrointestinal Tolerance and Fecal Microbiota in a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract: Infant formula containing the studied oligosaccharides was well tolerated, increased abundance and proportion of bifidobacteria, and reduced fecal pH in healthy infants.

Cited by 91 publications

References 51 publications

Prebiotics in infant formula

Prebiotics in infant formula

Gut Microbiota and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights on Mechanism and Therapy

Chitooligosaccharide for piglets: effects on performance, viscera and intestinal morphometry

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