In order to explore the effectiveness of potassium permanganate for real wastewater treatment, a pharmaceutical wastewater was subjected to the treatment by potassium permanganate. The effect of reaction time, dosage of potassium permanganate, solution pH and ultraviolet irradiation was investigated. The results indicated that there was an optimal reaction time and potassium permanganate dosage. The COD removal efficiency achieved the highest at pH 7.0. Ultraviolet irradiation was proved to be capable of assisting the removal of organic pollutants.