Effects of Population Density on Prodenia litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Zaher, M. A.; Moussa, M. A.

doi:10.1093/aesa/54.2.145

Cited by 21 publications

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“…The effects of the population density of immature stages of locusts on the phase of the adult and its migratory habits were studied by Plotnikov (1924), Faure (1932), Chauvin (1941) and Norris (1959); the latter also studied other effects on the adult. Analogous studies on Lepidoptera were made by Faure (1943), Long (1953), Long & Zaher (1958), Zaher & Long (1959) and Zaher & Moussa (1961). The present studies on larval density were undertaken before the results of the last-mentioned workers, which differ from our own in one respect, were seen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

The effects of rearing conditions on the immature stages and adults ofSpodoptera littoralis(Boisd.)

Rivnay

Meisner

1966

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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In the course of our studies of factors causing fluctuations in populations of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.)* in Israel, our attention was directed to the effects on the adult of the environmental conditions prevailing during the larval and pupal stages. These stages are more subject to the influence of environmental factors than is the winged adult, not only because they are less mobile but also because they are exposed to them longer, the life of the adult being comparatively short. In this paper we describe some indirect effects on adults of the temperature and density at which the larvae were reared and the temperature and humidity at which the pupae were kept, together with the direct effects of some of these factors on the immature stages themselves. Materials and methods LarvaeThe experimental rearings began with larvae 1-2 days old obtained from the field or from laboratory colonies. Unless otherwise mentioned, the larvae were reared in groups of 30-50 in plastic pans 21 cm. in diameter and 10 cm. high. Sawdust was placed in the bottom of each pan, and the top was covered with cheese-cloth. Clover leaves were provided as food and were changed every day or two.For studying the effects of temperature, the pans were placed in thermostatically regulated cabinets or in a room where the temperature, which fluctuated daily, was recorded. The relative humidity in the pans was 60-70 per cent.For studying the effects of larval density, some of the larvae from individual batches of eggs were reared as described above (about 50 in each pan) and others from the same batches were reared singly, each larva in a jar 5 cm. in diameter and 10 cm. high, of which the bottom was covered with sawdust and the top with cheese-cloth. The temperature in these experiments was kept constant at 24° C. For assessing differences in coloration, 25 larvae were taken at random from those reared singly, and 50 at random from the pans containing groups, on the 16th and 20th days of the experiment. The colours were determined by comparison with the colour standards of Ridgway (1912), whose nomenclature is used here. Larvae of Spodoptera are striped and mottled, but only the general background colour was considered in making comparisons. PupaeThe pupae were removed daily as they formed. For studying the effects of temperature, they were placed in groups of 10-15 on moist sawdust in jars 8 cm. in diameter and 20 cm. high, in which the relative humidity was maintained • Until recently better known as Prodenia litura (P.) (Viette, 1963).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

The effects of rearing conditions on the immature stages and adults ofSpodoptera littoralis(Boisd.)

Rivnay

Meisner

1966

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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“…The effects of crowding on weight of pupae were similar to those recorded for Prodenia litura by Zaher & Moussa (1961) and for S. littoralis by Rivnay & Meisher (1966). The heavier and longer isolated pupae produced longer adults.…”

Section: S It Hodjatsupporting

confidence: 83%

EFFECTS OF CROWDING ON COLOUR, SIZE AND LARVAL ACTIVITY OF SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

Hodjat¹

1970

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Crowding larvae of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) [= Prodenia litura F.] shortened the larval period but lengthened the pupal period. Crowding also reduced the pupal weight and the length of the body of the resultant adult, and produced darker coloured larvae. The type of food also affected the time taken to develop. When larvae are reared in isolation they are pale in colour, very inactive and hardly react to other larvae that touch them. Crowded larvae may be pale or darker in colour and show a number of reactions to one another on contact. They are more active than isolated larvae, and darker ones are more active than pale ones. Résumé EFFETS DE LA DENSITÉ DE POPULATION SUR LA COLORATION, LA TAILLE ET L'ACTIVITÉ DES LARVES DE SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (LEPIDOPTERA; NOCTUIDAE) Des chenilles de Spodoptera littora'is élevées isolément et nourries de feuilles de Patience (Rumex patiencia), ont un développement larvaire plus long que celles élevées sur d'autres plantes à des températures analogues. Le groupement de 20 chenilles, dans une cage de 500 ml, diminue la durée de leur vie larvaire (22,3 jours en moyenne, contre 25,3 jours pour les chenilles témoins élevées isolément), mais accroît la durée de la nymphose (14,7 jours en moyenne, contre 9,7 jours pour les témoins). Toutefois la durée totale du développement larvaire et nymphal demeure semblable: en moyenne 35,0 et 35,6 jours respectivement. Les chrysalides obtenues à partir de chenilles isolées sont plus lourdes et les adultes qui en proviennent ont le corps et les ailes plus longs, par rapport aux chrysalides et adultes des élevages groupés. La mortalité est plus élevée dans les élevages en groupes, surtout pendant les derniers stades larvaires. A l'éclosion les parties dorsales du corps sont de couleur vert jaune, mais en vieillisant les chenilles prennent dorsalement une coloration jaune — rouge foncé. Les chenilles isolées sont de coloration pâle, celles groupées sont pâles ou sombres; les premiàres sont les moins actives, les secondes les plus actives. Les chenilles élevées groupées se déplacent beaucoup plus que celles élevées isolement. L'activité varie d'ailleurs avec l'âge, elle est plus grande pour des chenilles âgées de 10 jours que pour celles âgées de 15 jours. Il y a quelques similitudes entre le comportement des chenilles groupées de Spodoptera et celui des larves de Criquet, en particulier dans les mouvements de masse et l'aggrégation des chenilles de Spodoptera.

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“…Pupal and adult weight reductions observed in S. exempta in the present study as a result of larval crowding are consistent with data obtained on other Lepidoptera including 5. littoralis (Boisduval) (Zaher & Moussa, 1961). There are, however, few data on the effect of larval food deprivation on adult and pupal weight in insects, possibly because, in practice, larval crowding and food deprivation often occur together, and it is therefore difficult to separate their relative effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of larval rearing conditions on flight performance in females of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Parker

Gatehouse

1985

Bull. Entomol. Res.

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The effect of quantitative and qualitative differences in maize leaf fed to larvae of Spodoptera exempta (Walker), and of larval density, on flight duration in female moths was investigated using a tethered-flight technique. Neither food deprivation nor diets of water-stressed maize influenced the proportion of moths flying for long periods. However, a significant increase in the incidence of long flights was recorded in moths from larvae reared at high densities. Significant differences were observed in the weights and sizes of moths from the different larval treatments. Wing-loading was shown to be a function of moth weight, with lighter moths having lower wing-loadings. However, wing-loadings of long-flying moths and those of short-fliers were similar, and it is concluded that the migratory potential of females of 5. exempta cannot be predicted from moth weight or morphometric data. A feature of the results was the variable proportion of long-flying moths in the test and control groups, irrespective of larval treatment. Re-examination of the data showed that a high incidence of long flights was evident in the experimental insects at approximately one-generation intervals, and it is suggested that there is a major genetic component in the determination of flight capacity in this species.

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Effects of Population Density on Prodenia litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 21 publications

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The effects of rearing conditions on the immature stages and adults ofSpodoptera littoralis(Boisd.)

The effects of rearing conditions on the immature stages and adults ofSpodoptera littoralis(Boisd.)

EFFECTS OF CROWDING ON COLOUR, SIZE AND LARVAL ACTIVITY OF SPODOPTERA LITTORALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

The effect of larval rearing conditions on flight performance in females of the African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

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