Effects of Polyethylene Glycol Administration and Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury Mice

Abstract

Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation has been reported as treatments that promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans and animals. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been also reported as treatments that promote functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) in humans and animals. Therefore, administration of PEG combined with BMSC transplantation may improve outcomes compared with BMSC transplantation only in SCI model mice. SCI mice were divided into a control-group, BMSC-group, PEG-group and BMSC+PEG-group. BMSC transplantation and PEG administration were performed immediately after surgery. Compared to the control-group, PEG- and BMSC+PEG-groups showed significant locomotor functional recovery 4 weeks after therapy. We observed no significant differences among the groups. In the BMSC- and BMSC+PEG-groups, immunohistochemistry showed that many neuronal cells aggressively migrated toward the glial scar from the region rostral of the lesion site. In the control- and PEG-groups, the boundary of the injured regions was covered with astrocytes, and a few neuronal cells were migrated toward the glial scar. We conclude that combined BMSC transplantation with PEG treatment showed no synergistic effects on locomotor functional recovery or beneficial cellular events. Further studies may improve the effect of the treatment, including modification of the timing of BMSC transplantation.

Transplantation of neurotrophin-3-transfected bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for the repair of spinal cord injury

“…BMSCs exhibit multi-differentiation potential, and autologous transplantation of BMSCs can overcome problems of ethics and immune rejection (Alto et al, 2009;Smith et al, 2009;Oda et al, 2014). Thus, BMSCs have been used in cell therapy and gene therapy of many diseases.…”

Repair strategies for traumatic spinal cord injury, with special emphasis on novel biomaterial-based approaches

“…associating ChABC treatment with peripheral nerve autograft [41,42], or ChABC or Nogo-A antibody treatments with locomotor training [43,44] individually. Even then, this does not preclude the possibility that therapies, which when used alone do show a beneficial effect, will not always work synergistically when combined [see for ex., [65][66][67]. Nevertheless, since the introduction of bioengineering in SCI therapeutic approaches it has become evident that implanting a biomaterial will be important as support structure ("bio-scaffold") for the reconstitution of injured tissue, once potential safety issues can be ruled out, and the feasibility has been proven both for acute, and chronic spinal cord injury.…”

Development of tannic acid-enriched materials modified by poly(ethylene glycol) for potential applications as wound dressing

“…For instance, chitosan grafting by PEG improved the L929 cells proliferation compared to materials without PEG (Mao et al 2005 ). The presence of PEG in a mixture with chitosan influenced the breast cancer cells, which resulted in the inhibition of their proliferation (Chang et al 2016 ), or finally PEG did not show any significant influence on the BMSC cells (Oda et al 2014 ). These observations together with our results prompted us to make the statement that poly(ethylene glycol) may be also used in future for treatment of post-operation wounds in dermatology; however, further and prudent studies are strongly desired.…”