Effects of Plant Spacing, Inoculation Date, and Peanut Cultivar on Epidemics of Peanut Stem Rot and Tomato Spotted Wilt

Sconyers, L. E.; Brenneman, T. B.; Stevenson, K. L.; Mullinix, B. G.

doi:10.1094/pd-89-0969

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The various studies conducted on plant densities have showed on various effects diseases with their respective hosts. The present results are in concurrence with the results of Sconyers et al (2005) The inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi significantly increased the total chlorophyll content in mycorrhizal groundnut plants due to increase in their photosynthetic ability and when mycorrhizal fungus has primary access to photosynthates, the higher carbon demand may inhibit pathogen growth (Azcón-Aguilar and Barea, 1996), thereby causing interference in photosynthetic ability of groundnut plants. But total chlorophyll content was increased in diseased mycorrhizal groundnut plants probably due to colonization by mycorrhiza which helped in increasing photosynthetic ability.…”

Section: Total Biomasssupporting

confidence: 91%

Management of Stem-rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar in Field

Doley

Jite

2013

Not Sci Biol

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The present experiment was conducted at University of Pune for biocontrol of soil-borne plant pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii by incorporating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and conventional system of cultivation with different spacing pattern (15 and 30 cm) in field. Both mycorrhizal inoculation and 30 cm spacing pattern significantly increased growth and yield as compared to control or 15 cm spacing pattern. The pathogenic mycorrhizal groundnut plants in 30 as well as 15 cm spacing pattern showed better growth in terms of plant height, leaf and pod number, fresh and dry weight of whole groundnut plant in comparison to non-mycorrhizal pathogenic ones and the plant growth was better in 30 spacing than 15 cm. The colonization by AM fungi in both spacing pattern was higher in absence of pathogen S. rolfsii. However, pathogen's presence decreased the mycorrhizal colonization considerably in 30 and 15 cm. The disease severity and incidence were recorded to be lowered when inoculated with mycorrhiza in pathogenic groundnut plants as compared to non-mycorrhizal pathogenic ones in both spacing pattern and incidence and severity was significantly lower in 30 cm as compared to 15 cm. Therefore, it was observed from our results that for management of soil-borne pathogens inoculation of AM fungi and spacing patterns are necessary.

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Section: Total Biomasssupporting

confidence: 91%

Management of Stem-rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar in Field

Doley

Jite

2013

Not Sci Biol

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“…In locations with either high or moderate levels of stem rot, disease incidence clearly increased with increasing plant stand in plots either not treated or treated with flutolanil. Sconyers et al (2005) found a similar positive correlation between stem rot incidence and plant stand densities in peanut, and attributed this to increased plant-to-plant mycelial spread occurring irrespective of the number of inoculum sources within the row. Our observations support that theory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…With runner peanuts in Georgia, growers often plant 19.7 seeds/m seeking to obtain a final density of 13 plants/m or 142,500 plants/ha to reduce risk of TSWV (Baldwin, 2005). Sconyers et al (2005) found that a within row population of 13 plants/m had extensive spread of stem rot on the Georgia Green cultivar in microplot experiments. Stands of 3 plants/m had negligible disease spread while 5 to 10 plants/m were intermediate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Maximizing Economic Returns and Minimizing Stem Rot Incidence with Optimum Plant Stands of Peanut in Nicaragua

Augusto¹,

Baldwin²,

Smith³

2010

Peanut Science

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Peanut growers in Nicaragua use high seeding rates, often greatly in excess of the 19.7 seeds/m recommended for growers in Georgia. Significant yield loss to peanut stem rot (caused by Sclerotium rolfsii) often occurs because of rapid disease spread in high density plant stands. It was hypothesized that lower seeding rates would be beneficial, and field experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2006 in Nicaragua to determine the optimum plant stands for stem rot management, peanut yield, and maximum economic returns. The cultivar Georgia Green was planted in twin rows at seven locations with final stands of 4 to 30 plants/m. Paired plots were either treated or not treated with flutolanil to control stem rot. Stem rot incidence consistently increased with higher peanut plant populations in fields with significant levels (.5%) of stem rot. In fields with more than 5% stem rot incidence, peanut yield and gross income adjusted for seed cost were maximized at within row populations of 12 to 13 and 11 plants/ m, respectively, when treated with flutolanil to reduce stem rot. When flutolanil was not applied, yield and gross income adjusted for seed cost were maximized at 10 to 11 and 8 to 10 plants/m, respectively. In locations with low stem rot incidence (,5%), maximum yield and gross income adjusted for seed cost were attained at within row populations of 13 and 12 plants/m, respectively. Nicaraguan growers may maximize their economic return by utilizing seeding rates to obtain final stand counts of 8 to 11 plants/m in fields with severe stem rot and 12 plants/m with low disease pressure.

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“…Many of the factors that comprise the spotted wilt risk index also influence the development of fungal diseases (Brenneman and Hadden, 1996;Monfort et al 2004;Sconyers et al 2005;Cantonwine et al 2006); therefore, a similar integrated approach should be helpful in the management of fungal diseases. A Fungal Disease Risk Index Woodward, 2006) has been developed, using criteria such as cultivar, crop rotation, field history, planting date, irrigation, and tillage.…”

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confidence: 99%

On-Farm Evaluations of Reduced Input Fungicide Programs in Peanut Fields with Low, Moderate, or High Levels of Disease Risk

Woodward¹,

Kemerait

Culbreath

et al. 2014

Peanut Science

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In , 2004 standard and reduced input fungicide programs were evaluated throughout the peanut production region of Georgia for control of early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum), and southern stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii). Disease risk was determined for each field based on the cultural practices implemented and ranged from low to high. Six to eight fungicide applications were made in the standard programs, versus three to six applications in reduced programs. Leaf spot ratings were higher for the reduced programs in five of the fourteen trials with substantial defoliation occurring in one trial. Overall, southern stem rot control for the reduced programs was equal to or better than that for the standard program, which could be attributed to the differences in fungicide selection or timing. Pod yields for the reduced programs were equal to or greater than the standard programs in all but one trial. Net returns were higher for the reduced programs in half of the trials; however, the reduced program resulted in lower net returns in one trial in 2004. Our results indicate that reduced input fungicide programs can be used to adequately manage fungal diseases of peanut without compromising yield or profitability, and that the use of cultivars with moderate levels of disease resistance may enhance disease control.

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Effects of Plant Spacing, Inoculation Date, and Peanut Cultivar on Epidemics of Peanut Stem Rot and Tomato Spotted Wilt

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Management of Stem-rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar in Field

Management of Stem-rot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivar in Field

Maximizing Economic Returns and Minimizing Stem Rot Incidence with Optimum Plant Stands of Peanut in Nicaragua

On-Farm Evaluations of Reduced Input Fungicide Programs in Peanut Fields with Low, Moderate, or High Levels of Disease Risk

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