Effects of Pithecellobium Jiringa Ethanol Extract against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injuries in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Abstract

Current anti-gastric ulcer agents have side effects, despite the progression and expansion of advances in treatment. This study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective mechanisms of Pithecellobium jiringa ethanol extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal ulcers in rats. For this purpose, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 (normal control) rats were orally administered with vehicle (carboxymethyl cellulose), Group 2 (ulcer control) rats were also orally administered with vehicle. Group 3 (positive control) rats were orally administered with 20 mg/kg omeprazole, Groups 4 and 5 (experimental groups) received ethanol extract of Pithecellobium jiringa ethanol extract at a concentration of 250 and 500 mg/kg, OPEN ACCESSMolecules 2012, 17 2797 respectively. Sixty minutes later, vehicle was given orally to the normal control group, and absolute ethanol was given orally to the ulcer control, positive control and experimental groups to generate gastric mucosal injury. The rats were sacrificed an hour later. The effect of oral administration of plant extract on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury was studied grossly and histology. The level of lipid peroxidation, (malondialdehyde-MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gastric wall mucus were measured from gastric mucosal homogenate. The ulcer control group exhibited severe gastric mucosal injury, and this finding was also confirmed by histology of gastric mucosa which showed severe damage to the gastric mucosa with edema and leucocyte infiltration of the submucosal layer. Pre-treatment with plant extract significantly reduced the formation of ethanol-induced gastric lesions, and gastric wall mucus was significantly preserved. The study also indicated a significant increase in SOD activity in gastric mucosal homogenate, whereas a significant decrease in MDA was observed. Acute toxicity tests did not show any signs of toxicity and mortality up to 5 g/kg. The ulcer protective effect of this plant may possibly be due to its preservation of gastric wall mucus along with increased SOD activity and reduction of oxidative stress (MDA). The extract is non-toxic, even at relatively high concentrations.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The gastro protective effects of Cibotium barometz hair on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Sprague-Dawley rats

“…These findings are consistent with observations from other studies [7, 32]. Therefore, the elevation of SOD and GPx enzymatic activities leads to increased scavenging of superoxides, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and lipid peroxyl radicals, resulting in a reduction in tissue damage [9, 49].…”

“…This is consistent with the results from other studies [20, 46]. Up-regulation of HSP70 protein in the stomach wall mucosa in animals pre-fed with C. barometz hair extract may stop the initiation of damage to the gastric epithelium upon exposure to absolute alcohol [23, 32]. The HSP70 protein protected mitochondria and delayed a stress-induced apoptotic programmer [47].…”

Effects of Thymus hirtus sp. algeriensis Boiss. et Reut. (Lamiaceae) essential oil on healing gastric ulcers according to sex

“…Activation and infiltration of neutrophils appear to be involved in the initial process that forms the lesions [45]. Neutrophil accumulation in gastric mucosa has been shown to induce microcirculatory abnormalities [46].…”

Banhabaekchulchunma-tang, a traditional herbal formula attenuates absolute ethanol-induced gastric injury by enhancing the antioxidant status

“…Several researchers have investigated the effects of many herbal medicines in protection against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injuries by focusing on increases in the antioxidant defense system. Indeed, previous studies have demonstrated such increases with several herbal medicines, such as Argyreia speciosa, Orthosiphon stamineus, Pithecellobium jiringa, and propolis [5-8]. …”