Effects of Pinealectomy and of Sham-Pinealectomy on Blood Glucose Levels in the Alloxan-Diabetic Rat

Kc, Gorray; Wb, Quay

doi:10.1055/s-0028-1093398

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…These and our previous results on nerve endings on A-cells and N-cells suggest that effects of sham operations are mediated via the central nervous system. Related results have also been reported [Quay, 1971;Gorray and Quay, 1978;Cardinali et al, 1979;Owens and Gem, 1981;Johnson and Van Tienhoven, 1984;Catal6 et al, 19851. Since the discussion on this problem has already been made [Kachi, 19871, it will not be repeated here.…”

Section: Effects Of Sham Operationssupporting

confidence: 71%

Quantitative Cytological Analysis of Functional Changes in Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cells in Normal, Sham‐Operated, and Pinealectomized Rats in Relation to Time‐of‐day: II. Nuclear‐Cytoplasmic Ratio, Nuclear Size, and Pars Granulosa of Nucleolus

Kachi

Banerji

Quay

1988

Journal of Pineal Research

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Adrenaline(A)- and noradrenaline(N)-cells in the adrenal medulla of nonoperated (NO), sham-operated (SO), and pinealectomized (PX) male rats (n = 125) were investigated by quantitative electron and light microscopy. Animals were killed at eight time points during a standardized 24-h, light-dark (12:12) cycle 14 days after surgery. Nuclear-cytoplasmic (N/P) ratios, diameters of nuclei, and the frequency of nucleoli showing a large amount of pars granulosa (granulated nucleoli), were the primary characteristics studied. Major findings include the following: 1) The frequency of low N/P ratios over a 24-h period tended to be higher in PX animals than in controls in A-cells, as shown in large cell profiles (P less than 0.02); but such a tendency was not apparent in N-cells. Daily mean nuclear diameters were similar among the three experimental groups. 2) The 24-h changing pattern of phase relations in the frequency of low N/P ratio and nuclear size differed between A- and N-cells in NO and SO but not in PX animals. 3) The frequency of granulated nucleoli in A-cells was much higher in PX animals than in NO and SO animals throughout a 24-h period (P less than 0.018), especially from the late light to early dark phase (P less than 0.003), and higher in A-cells than in N-cells generally (P less than 0.0009). Pinealectomy thus caused increases in the cytoplasm and in the pars granulosa of the nucleolus in many A-cells; changes in N-cells were less apparent. This suggest a disturbed balance and coordination between A- and N-cell systems of adrenal medulla following pinealectomy.

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Section: Effects Of Sham Operationssupporting

confidence: 71%

Quantitative Cytological Analysis of Functional Changes in Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cells in Normal, Sham‐Operated, and Pinealectomized Rats in Relation to Time‐of‐day: II. Nuclear‐Cytoplasmic Ratio, Nuclear Size, and Pars Granulosa of Nucleolus

Kachi

Banerji

Quay

1988

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…Compared to the fluctuation of adrenal E in Con and NO-V birds, a loss of the nocturnal elevation of E was noted in the adrenals of SO-V chicks. Similar to this finding, effects of shampinealectomy long after surgery have been reported by several authors (Meyer and Quay, 1976;Gorray and Quay, 1978;Banerji et al, 1980;Kachi et al, 1979Kachi et al, , 1980Banerji and Quay, 1986). Although the underlying mechanism for the effects of sham-pinealectomy on adrenal catecholamines remain to be elucidated, it might be that the surgical stress or trauma has repercussions on the adrenomedullary nerve endings (Kachi et al, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Influence of the pineal and melatonin administration on the day‐night changes in the adrenal catecholamines of young chicks

Maitra

Sarkar

Dey

et al. 1994

Biological Rhythm Research

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The effects of pinealectomy with or without substitutive administration of melatonin on the concentrations of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) in the adrenals of young chicks were studied at mid-day and mid-night. The two-week old chicks were either non-operated (NO), or sham-operated (SO), or pinealectomized (Px) and maintained in LD 12:12 for 15 days. During this period, half of the total number of NO, SO, and Px chicks were injected daily in the afternoon with melatonin (Mel; 10 ug/100 g body wt) and the remaining birds from the same groups were administered daily only with the vehicle (V; ethanol-saline) of the hormone. The control (Con) birds were maintained under natural conditions without any treatment. In the adrenals of both the Con and NO-V birds, a significant nocturnal increase in the concentration of E was noted compared to the same at mid-day. But the night-time value of adrenal E was lowered in SO-V birds and raised in SO-Mel chicks. Exogenous melatonin in intact (NO-Mel) and sham-operated (SO-Mel) chicks caused a significant reduction in the nocturnal value of NE. Pinealectomy resulted in a nocturnally increased value for NE. The amount of E in the adrenals of Px-Mel birds was significantly elevated at mid-day and depleted at mid-night resulting into inverse day-night changes in E and NE compared to those in NO-V chicks. The results suggest a possible influence of the pineal organ and its secretion of melatonin on the daynight changes in adrenal catecholamines of chicks.

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“…Rats with the pineal gland removed have been found to have an increase in their glucose levels (Gorray and Quay, 1978). Pinealectomy also reduces the adipose tissue’s response to insulin (Lima et al, 1998).…”

Section: Melatonin Receptors In the Endocrine Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissues: Distribution and functions

Slominski

Reíter

Schlabritz‐Loutsevitch

et al. 2012

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

585

470

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Many of melatonin’s actions are mediated through interaction with the G-protein coupled membrane bound melatonin receptors type 1 and type 2 (MT1 and MT2, respectively) or, indirectly with nuclear orphan receptors from the RORα/RZR family. Melatonin also binds to the quinone reductase II enzyme, previously defined the MT3 receptor. Melatonin receptors are widely distributed in the body; herein we summarize their expression and actions in non-neural tissues. Several controversies still exist regarding, for example, whether melatonin binds the RORα/RZR family. Studies of the peripheral distribution of melatonin receptors are important since they are attractive targets for immunomodulation, regulation of endocrine, reproductive and cardiovascular functions, modulation of skin pigmentation, hair growth, cancerogenesis, and aging. Melatonin receptor agonists and antagonists have an exciting future since they could define multiple mechanisms by which melatonin modulates the complexity of such a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes.

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Effects of Pinealectomy and of Sham-Pinealectomy on Blood Glucose Levels in the Alloxan-Diabetic Rat

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Quantitative Cytological Analysis of Functional Changes in Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cells in Normal, Sham‐Operated, and Pinealectomized Rats in Relation to Time‐of‐day: II. Nuclear‐Cytoplasmic Ratio, Nuclear Size, and Pars Granulosa of Nucleolus

Quantitative Cytological Analysis of Functional Changes in Adrenomedullary Chromaffin Cells in Normal, Sham‐Operated, and Pinealectomized Rats in Relation to Time‐of‐day: II. Nuclear‐Cytoplasmic Ratio, Nuclear Size, and Pars Granulosa of Nucleolus

Influence of the pineal and melatonin administration on the day‐night changes in the adrenal catecholamines of young chicks

Melatonin membrane receptors in peripheral tissues: Distribution and functions

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