Effects of Phytoecdysteroids (PEDS) Extracted from Cyanotis arachnoidea on Rumen Fermentation, Enzyme Activity and Microbial Efficiency in a Continuous-Culture System

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of phytoecdysteroids (PEDS) extracted from Cyanotis arachnoidea on rumen fermentation, enzymes activity and microbial efficiency in a dual flow continuous-culture system. A single-factor experimental design was used with twelve fermenters in 4 groups with 3 replicates each. Fermenters were incubated for a total of 7 days that included first 4 days for adaptation and last 3 days for sampling. PEDS was added at levels of zero (as control), 5, 10, and 15 mg/g of the substrate (DM). The results showed that increasing supplementation levels of PEDS resulted in incremental digestibility of dry matter (DMD) (quadratic, P = 0.001) and organic matter (OMD) (quadratic, P = 0.031), but unchanged digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), crude protein (CPD) and acid detergent acid (ADFD). As supplementation levels of PEDS increased, there were decreased response in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (linear, P = 0.015) and increased response in molar proportions of butyrate (linear, P = 0.004), but unchanged response in total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) and the molar proportion of acetate and propionate, respectively. Increasing PEDS supplementation levels decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate (linear, P = 0.038), suggesting an alteration of rumen fermentation pattern occurring due to PEDS supplementation in the diet. Supplementation of PEDS significantly increased activities of glutamate dehydrogenase (quadratic, P = 0.001), alanine dehydrogenase (quadratic, P = 0.004), glutamate synthase (linear, P = 0.038), glutamine synthetase (quadratic, P = 0.011), respectively. There were no discernible differences in the activity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase), xylanase and protease regardless of the treatments. The daily production of microbial nitrogen (linear, P = 0.002) and microbial efficiency (MOEEF) (linear, P = 0.001) increased linearly as supplementation levels of PEDS increased. The decreased response of fluid NH3-N and the increased response of MN indicated that PEDS positively increased the synthesis of microbial proteins.

Comparison of Rumen Microbiota and Serum Biochemical Indices in White Cashmere Goats Fed Ensiled or Sun-Dried Mulberry Leaves

“…Complex rumen microbial communities play important roles in absorption in the host [ 40 ], and their compositions are influenced by diets [ 53 ]. The present study revealed the presence of a strong core microbiome among three feed type groups (approximately 69% of total OTUs).…”

“…The absorbance of the reaction solutions was measured at 540 nm. One enzyme activity unit (U) was defined as the amount of glucose (μmol) produced by 1 mL of enzyme in one minute (μmol/min·mL) [ 40 ].…”

Interação microbiana e metanogênese em ruminantes – uma revisão

“…Os ruminantes caracterizam-se por apresentar sistema digestório especializado no processo de fermentação, sendo capazes de digerir diferentes tipos de forragens, graças a interação evolutiva que desenvolveram com os microrganismos, sendo essa interação benéfica para o hospedeiro e para a microbiota (Li et al, 2016).…”

“…A utilização de extratos vegetais como alternativa na manipulação ruminal, favorecendo da utilização de energia em ruminantes, tem sido reportado na literatura científica. A adição desses extratos pode ter efeitos deletérios na microbiota ruminal produtora de H2, alterando o processo de fermentação ruminal e favorecendo a produção de propionato, que irá aprimorar a eficiência no uso da energia dos alimentos (Piñeiro Vázquez et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016).…”

Dietary Energy Levels Affect Carbohydrate Metabolism-Related Bacteria and Improve Meat Quality in the Longissimus Thoracis Muscle of Yak (Bos grunniens)

“…Rumen microbiota plays a pivotal role in feed digestion and acts synergistically to degrade plant structural and non-structural carbohydrates into volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and microbial proteins (MCP) ( 7 ). The end products of rumen fermentation (VFA) are used as the substrate for fueling other animal tissues (including liver, fat, and muscle) and MCP are required by the host to produce meat and milk ( 8 ). The change of rumen bacterial community structure was reported to be closely related to the composition of the diet ( 9 ).…”