Effects of Pesticides on the Environment and Insecticide Resistance

Dual Insecticidal Effects of Adenanthera pavonina Kunitz-Type Inhibitor on Plodia interpunctella is Mediated by Digestive Enzymes Inhibition and Chitin-Binding Properties

“…Currently, most efforts for crop protection reside in both Bt technology and massive use of insecticides. However, the events of insect resistance against insecticides and Bt crops are overwhelming reported [2,23,24]. The consequence of systematic insecticide application resides on insect resistance and lethal effects on non-target organisms, including parasites, parasitoids, and pollinators.…”

“…Annually, billions of dollars are spent in crop protection, mainly with highly toxic insecticides [1]. As consequence of the massive use of chemical insecticides, the reduction of natural biodiversity near crops and the selection of resistant insect pest have been reported [2]. The overwhelming resistance of insects against chemical pesticides encourages the investments on alternative control strategies, including pyramiding of genes with insecticidal activity [1,3,4].…”

Comprehensive History of CSP Genes: Evolution, Phylogenetic Distribution and Functions

“…In insects, it has been shown that the DAG-phospholipase C (PLC) pathway can be regulated by juvenile hormone (JH) [63], while exposure to pyrethroid insecticide can stimulate protein phosphorylation activity in the brain of mammals [64]. This suggests that insecticide exposure can stimulate the DAG-PLC pathway in many various tissues of the insect body, not only by a stimulatory effect on the production of C18-linoleic acid (LA) and lipid omega6 fatty acids production, but also via an indirect effect on JH release [65][66][67]. A plethora of pleiotropy across CSPs and binding protein families seems to be necessary to recognize a multitude of targets and phosphorylation sites in a huge variety of complex cell-cell and intracellular signaling pathways in many diverse organisms.…”

Examining the Effects of Cold on Gut Epithelial Permeability in Locusta migratoria

“…Since their popularization in the 1930s, insecticides have been widely used as a means to control unwanted insect populations (Le Goff and Giraudo, 2019). Today, as the distributions of insects worldwide continue to generally expand and/or shift poleward with rising global temperatures, there is a pressing need to predict and control the range of species that are harmful to human and animal well-being (Chown et al, 2012;Hunter, 2019;Rua and Okech, 2019).…”

“…Furthermore, to limit unintended impacts to ecosystems and the various organisms within them, it is important to design species-specific insecticidal compounds (Le Goff and Giraudo, 2019).…”