Effects of peri‐implant infection on serum biochemical analysis

Abstract

Background: Peri-implant disease (PID) has not been directly linked to pathological organ changes. The present study assessed the dynamics of serum biochemical parameters in a model of experimental peri-implantitis in dogs, followed by open flap debridement. Methods: Seven male beagle dogs comprised the study group. Procedures were performed as follows-extractions of two premolars and one molar on each mandibular quadrant (Day 0); bone healing time (week14); placement of four rough-surface endoosseous implants, two on each mandibular side; implant uncovering (week 28); induction of experimental peri-implantitis by the use of three ligatures (weeks 31, 34, 37) followed by open flap debridement (week 42). Serum biochemical analysis following each procedure was compared to baseline. Biochemical parameters were assigned into four subsets of variablesinflammation, renal function, liver function, and blood glucose. Wilcoxon paired tests were conducted in order to identify statistically significant differences between baseline data and values obtained after each procedure Results: Following experimental peri-implantitis, the dynamics of renal parameters and blood glucose were minimal whereas statistically significant (P < 0.05) increases were noted for inflammatory (total protein and albumin concentrations) and hepatic (ALT, AST) parameters. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) decrease was only noted for total bilirubin. After open flap debridement, inflammatory (total protein and albumin concentrations) and hepatic (AST) parameters returned to baseline. Conclusions: Within their limits, the present results indicate that: (a) PID affects inflammatory and hepatic serum biochemical parameters, and (b) following open flap debridement most of the values returned to baseline.

Peri-implantitis, systemic inflammation, and dyslipidemia: a cross-sectional biochemical study

“…A linear correlation was also found between clinical peri-implant inflammatory parameters and WBC levels. Along similar lines, recent animal studies have shown an increased systemic inflammatory response after ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis that was characterized by high levels of total protein, albumin, and WBC, which reverted to baseline after surgical peri-implant treatment [ 7 8 ]. The systemic inflammatory state of peri-implantitis patients was confirmed by lower circulating levels of IL-10, a cytokine with important anti-inflammatory properties [ 15 ].…”

“…Recent animal studies have shown elevation of peripheral levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., total protein, albumin, and white blood cells [WBC]) after ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis [ 7 8 ]. It is worth mentioning that the surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis by means of open flap debridement led to a reduction of these systemic inflammatory parameters, which reached similar values to baseline [ 7 8 ].…”

“…Recent animal studies have shown elevation of peripheral levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., total protein, albumin, and white blood cells [WBC]) after ligature-induced experimental peri-implantitis [ 7 8 ]. It is worth mentioning that the surgical treatment of experimental peri-implantitis by means of open flap debridement led to a reduction of these systemic inflammatory parameters, which reached similar values to baseline [ 7 8 ]. It could be hypothesized that similarly to periodontitis, the inflamed and ulcerated peri-implant pocket epithelium allows the entrance of locally produced inflammatory mediators (e.g., leukocytes and cytokines) into the bloodstream, evoking a systemic immune and acute inflammatory response that subsequently could interact with lipid metabolism, thereby elevating blood levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which in turn may increase the risk of atherosclerotic disease.…”

The Impact of Peri-Implantitis on Systemic Diseases and Conditions: A Review of the Literature

“…Since ACD is considered to be mediated by cytokines that are produced as a consequence of the inflammatory process, we can hypothesize that peri-implant disease may affect blood count through a cytokine-mediated mechanism and speculate that a similar mechanism is plausible for other systemic conditions. Actually, serum inflammatory markers resulted higher in dogs with experimental peri-implantitis in another study by the same authors [ 39 ]. One recent human study reinforced this evidence, finding that common CVD markers such as triglycerides, uric acid, and white blood cells were significantly higher in patients with peri-implantitis [ 40 ].…”

“…A second study by Chaushu et al [ 39 ] explored the dynamics of serum biochemical parameters following experimental peri-implantitis in a dog model. The authors noted an increase in inflammatory parameters such as total protein and albumin concentrations.…”