Effects of perchlorate on growth of four wetland plants and its accumulation in plant tissues

Abstract

Perchlorate contamination in water is of concern because of uncertainties about toxicity and health effects, impact on ecosystems, and possible indirect exposure pathways to humans. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the ecotoxicology of perchlorate and to screen plant species for phytoremediation. Effects of perchlorate (20, 200, and 500 mg/L) on the growth of four wetland plants (Eichhornia crassipes, Acorus calamus L., Thalia dealbata, and Canna indica) as well as its accumulation in different plant tissues were investigated through water culture experiments. Twenty milligrams per liter of perchlorate had no significant effects on height, root length, aboveground part weight, root weight, and oxidizing power of roots of four plants, except A. calamus, and increasing concentrations of perchlorate showed that out of the four wetland plants, only A. calamus had a significant (p<0.05) dose-dependent decrease in these parameters. When treated with 500 mg/L perchlorate, these parameters and chlorophyll content in the leaf of plants showed significant decline contrasted to control groups, except the root length of E. crassipes and C. indica. The order of inhibition rates of perchlorate on root length, aboveground part weight and root weight, and oxidizing power of roots was: A. calamus > C. indica > T. dealbata > E. crassipes and on chlorophyll content in the leaf it was: A. calamus > T. dealbata > C. indica > E. crassipes. The higher the concentration of perchlorate used, the higher the amount of perchlorate accumulation in plants. Perchlorate accumulation in aboveground tissues was much higher than that in underground tissues and leaf was the main tissue for perchlorate accumulation. The order of perchlorate accumulation content and the bioconcentration factor in leaf of four plants was: E. crassipes > C. indica > T. dealbata > A. calamus. Therefore, E. crassipes might be an ideal plant with high tolerance ability and accumulation ability for constructing wetland to remediate high levels of perchlorate polluted water.

Differential Responses of Two Rice Varieties to Perchlorate Stress

“…The results were in agreement with earlier findings that Cd stress decreased chlorophyll contents for both rice cultivars with Cd-sensitive genotype being more severely affected [21]. In our previous study, it was also observed that when treated with 500 mg/L perchlorate, chlorophyll content of four wetland plants showed significant decline contrasted to control groups [30].…”

Varietal differences in the growth of rice seedlings exposed to perchlorate and their antioxidative defense mechanisms

“…Suyunuo, IR65598-112-2, and khazar showed the greatest decrease, and gannuoxiang was less affected. A number of studies also have documented significant differences in ClO 4 bioaccumulation ability among species [19,21,23] or genotypes within the same species [24,25]. In our previous study [21], significant differences were also observed in growth inhibition among 4 wetland plants by ClO 4 -.…”

“…We found, however, that the decrease varied with rice varieties. In our previous study [21], significant differences were also observed in growth inhibition among 4 wetland plants by ClO 4 -. Previous studies have found a wide variability in the sensitivity of rice genotypes to different environmental stresses, which is exploited in the selection of plant types resistant to such harsh conditions [26,30,33,34].…”

“…Currently, studies on ClO 4 are mainly concentrated on the migration and transformation of ClO 4 in the environment [15,16], animal toxicology [17,18], and remediation [19,20]. Little information, however, is available about the toxicological effects of ClO 4 on plants, although some previous research has demonstrated growth inhibition of 4 wetland plants and rice seedlings by ClO 4 - [21,22]. Little information, however, is available about the toxicological effects of ClO 4 on plants, although some previous research has demonstrated growth inhibition of 4 wetland plants and rice seedlings by ClO 4 - [21,22].…”

Review on Fate, Toxicity, and Remediation of Perchlorate

“…Perchlorate was observed in high concentration in soybean sprouts (Glycine max L. Merr), water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC), and lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn [Yang and Her, 2011]). The wetland plants like Eichhornia crassipes, Acorus calamus L., Thalia dealbata and Canna indica show perchlorate accumulation (He et al, 2013). Edible cole crops (Brassica sp.)…”