Review on Fate, Toxicity, and Remediation of Perchlorate

Sijimol, M. R.; Jyothy, S.; Pradeepkumar, A.P.; Chandran, M. S. Shylesh; Ghouse, Syed Shabin; Mohan, Mahesh

doi:10.1080/15275922.2015.1022914

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Over the past few decades, significant effort has been focused on the development of high-performance carbon-based polymer composites with improved thermal, mechanical and electrical properties. Reported methods for fabricating carbon-based polymer composite mainly include the incorporation of CNTs in a polymer matrix 6 – 8 and infiltrating CNTs buckypaper with polymer solutions 9 – 12 . Several studies have largely focused on improving CNTs dispersion quality in a polymer matrix using methods such as solution mixing 13 – 15 , in-situ polymerization 16 – 18 and melt processing 19 – 23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated MWCNTs buckypaper for strain sensing application

Yee

Mubarak

Khalid

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Buckypaper (BP)/polymer composites are viewed as a viable option to improve the strain transfer across the buckypaper strain sensor by means of providing better interfacial bonding between the polymer and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) BP/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites were fabricated by a sequence of vacuum filtration and polymer intercalation technique. The optimized conditions for achieving a uniform and stable dispersion of MWCNTs were found to be using ethanol as a dispersion medium, 54 μm ultrasonic amplitude and 40 min sonication time. FTIR analysis and SEM spectra further confirmed the introduction of oxygenated groups (-COOH) on the surface of MWCNTs BP and the complete infiltration of PVA into the porous MWCNTs network. At MWCNTs content of 65 wt. %, the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation-at-break of PVA-infiltrated MWCNTs BP achieved a maximum value of 156.28 MPa, 4.02 GPa and 5.85%, improved by 189%, 443% and 166% respectively, as compared to the MWCNTs BP. Electrical characterization performed using both two-point probe method and Hall effect measurement showed that BP/PVA composites exhibited reduced electrical conductivity. From the electromechanical characterization, the BP/PVA composites showed improved sensitivity with a gauge factor of about 1.89–2.92. The cyclic uniaxial tensile test validated the high reproducibility and hysteresis-free operation of 65-BP/PVA composite under 3 loading-unloading cycles. Characterization results confirmed that the flexible BP/PVA composite (65 wt. %) with improved mechanical and electromechanical properties is suitable for strain sensing applications in structural health monitoring and wearable technology, as an alternative choice to the fragile nature of conventional metallic strain sensors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated MWCNTs buckypaper for strain sensing application

Yee

Mubarak

Khalid

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…Perchlorate is currently used as a fuel in missiles, explosives, fireworks, and pyrotechnics, and its leakage into aquatic media is of environmental concern The main environmental problem is due to the behavior of perchlorate as a source of biological harm; for example, the intake of perchlorate by the thyroid, thus inhibiting the production of the thyroid hormone , . Perchlorate is very stable in aqueous solutions and has high mobility in the environment .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd⁰‐ and Au⁰‐Nanoparticles Catalyze the Reduction of Perchlorate by ·C(CH₃)₂OH Radicals

Benjamini

Bar‐Ziv²,

Zidki

et al. 2017

Eur J Inorg Chem

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Catalytic water reduction to hydrogen takes place when metal nanoparticles (M0‐NPs) of gold or palladium are charged with an excess of electrons by an electron‐transfer process from strong reducing α‐alcohol radicals such as ·C(CH3)2OH. The results reported in this study indicate that the M0‐NPs also catalyze the reduction of perchlorate by ·C(CH3)2OH radicals and by BH4–. The results point out that the M0‐NPs behave as nanoelectrodes. The catalytic reduction of perchlorate competes well with the catalytic reduction of water; that is, although the concentration of perchlorate is orders of magnitude smaller than that of water, the radicals reduce the perchlorate preferentially. Thus, we have identified a new way to deal with the residual perchlorate in water, using any reducing agent forming adsorbed hydrogen. The nature of the reactive reducing agent (M0‐NPs)n–/{(M0‐NPs) – Hm}(n–m)– [n = number of excess electrons and m = number of electrons given off after the same number of H atoms have been adsorbed] and the energetic processes, which might be different for the two M0‐NPs, are discussed. The results demonstrate that M0‐NPs can be developed as simple and effective catalysts for the removal of perchlorate from polluted aqueous solutions.

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“…Perchlorate (ClO 4 -) and chlorate (ClO 3 -), the inorganic anions of chlorine, are gaining attention because of their immense contamination in drinking water systems. Perchlorate is used as an oxidizer in solid rocket propellants (Tikkanen 2006), fireworks (Sijimol et al , 2015Isobe et al 2012), munitions, signal flares (ITRC 2005;Urbansky 2002), etc. Perchlorate is highly soluble and is persistent in nature (Siglin et al 2000;Motzer 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Snyder et al 2006;Kannan et al 2009;Anupama et al 2012). The awe behind perchlorate contamination is that exceeding the limit of 24.5 ppb perchlorate in drinking water can result in thyroid disorders (Wolff 1998;Anderson et al 2006;Sijimol et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate contamination in bottled and other drinking water sources of Kerala, southwest coast of India

Sijimol

Mohan

Devadasan

2016

Energ. Ecol. Environ.

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Perchlorate and chlorate are inevitable components in rocket propellants, fireworks, water treatment, bleaching, textile industry, etc. Knowingly or unknowingly, wide use of these chemicals contaminates drinking water systems. The present study assessed the perchlorate and chlorate contamination of bottled water and other drinking well, tap, bore well, rainwater sources of Kerala and other parts of Peninsular India. Other drinking water samples were collected during the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon from the 14 districts of Kerala and were analyzed for perchlorate and chlorate using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Most of the locally available brands of bottled water were found to be contaminated with perchlorate and chlorate. Mean value of perchlorate was found to be 93.19 ppb, and that of chlorate was 3692.07 ppb, both exceeding the health reference level. The continuous consumption of water with high level of perchlorate content can cause high risk, and the probability of increasing thyroid disorders is high. Perchlorate was detected from well, tap and bore well water samples, and the maximum perchlorate was observed for the premonsoon season, whereas the minimum noticed in the monsoon samples. The high concentration of perchlorate detected in groundwater was mainly due to the industrial units and firework manufacturing and display sites.

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Review on Fate, Toxicity, and Remediation of Perchlorate

Cited by 41 publications

References 137 publications

Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated MWCNTs buckypaper for strain sensing application

Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated MWCNTs buckypaper for strain sensing application

Pd⁰‐ and Au⁰‐Nanoparticles Catalyze the Reduction of Perchlorate by ·C(CH₃)₂OH Radicals

Perchlorate contamination in bottled and other drinking water sources of Kerala, southwest coast of India

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Review on Fate, Toxicity, and Remediation of Perchlorate

Cited by 41 publications

References 137 publications

Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated MWCNTs buckypaper for strain sensing application

Synthesis of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) infiltrated MWCNTs buckypaper for strain sensing application

Pd0‐ and Au0‐Nanoparticles Catalyze the Reduction of Perchlorate by ·C(CH3)2OH Radicals

Perchlorate contamination in bottled and other drinking water sources of Kerala, southwest coast of India

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Pd⁰‐ and Au⁰‐Nanoparticles Catalyze the Reduction of Perchlorate by ·C(CH₃)₂OH Radicals