Effects of Passive Smoking Associated with Physical Exercise in the Skeletal Muscles of Rats During Pregnancy and Lactation

Valsoni, Bruna Corral Garcia; Bonfim, Mariana Rotta; Camargo, Regina Celi Trindade; Abreu, Luíz Carlos de; Souza, Dorotéia Rossi Silva; Filho, José Carlos Silva Camargo

doi:10.4067/s0717-95022015000200015

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Passive smoking can negatively affect renal morphology and glomerular filtration rate, with effects more or less similar to that described in the literature regarding active smoking. 18 The main findings of the current study were that statistically significant increase of serum urea, creatinine, urinary albumin and serum cotinine in smoker group in comparison to nonsmoker group. Additionally, urinary albumin and serum cotinine were significantly higher in active smoker relative to passive smoker group, without significant difference in serum urea and serum creatinine between the two groups (Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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The Influence of Smoking on Renal Functions Among Apparently Healthy Smokers

Eid

Moazen

Elhussini

et al. 2022

JMDH

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Background Cigarette smoking is an important modifiable risk factor in kidney disease progression. Although long-term smoking has been associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), its effect on kidney function in early stages has not been clarified. Objective To detect the early effects of smoking either active or passive on kidney functions. Methodology The current study was comparative cross sectional study conducted on 280 participants, 140 were non‑smokers and 140 were smokers (70 passive smokers and 70 active smokers). The two groups were comparable in terms of all parameters. We investigated the possible effects of smoking on kidney functions using both serum kidney function tests especially; serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cotinine levels and detection of albumin in urine. Smoking history, full Laboratory investigations, Ventilatory function test including (FEV1/FVC, FEV1, FEF 25–75%, VC and FVC) were done. Results Serum urea, serum creatinine, serum cotinine levels and urinary albumin were statistically significant higher in smokers group in comparison to nonsmokers, also the serum cotinine levels and urinary albumin were statistically significant in active smokers in comparison to passive smokers. There were positive correlations between the level of urinary albumin and pack/year (r = 0.9, p<0.05), smoking index (r = 0.9, p<0.05), smoking duration (r = 0.4, p<0.05), and serum cotinine (r = 0.6, p<0.050) with good statistical significance. The most significant predictive risk factors of microalbuminuria among smokers group in descending orders were active smoking, passive smoking, age and serum cotinine level. Conclusion Both active and passive smoking, especially among heavy smokers, is a significant risk factor for microalbuminuria. This finding increase the importance of early cessation of smoking in order to minimize early renal affection among healthy smokers that may not be discovered by routine renal function tests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Passive smoking can negatively affect renal morphology and glomerular filtration rate, with effects more or less similar to that described in the literature regarding active smoking. 18 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Smoking on Renal Functions Among Apparently Healthy Smokers

Eid

Moazen

Elhussini

et al. 2022

JMDH

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“…During the experimental protocol, the smoking rats were exposed to secondhand smoke from the combustion of 4 cigarettes for 30 min long, twice a day, 5 days a week, with 350 ppm of CO / exposure. The referred dose of CO was similar to the previous studies, which avoid the risk of mortality [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Smoking Exposurementioning

confidence: 52%

“…In the first adaptation week, all animals in the S and ES groups were exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke from combustion of 2 cigarettes for 10 min per day. A specific gas detector (ToxiPro 1 from Biosystems) placed inside the chamber measured 250 ppm (parts per million) of CO (carbon monoxide) during this adaptation period to the secondhand exposure, as described in the literature [20]. After adaptation week, the smoking rats (S and ES) were exposed to further 16 weeks [18,21].…”

Section: Smoking Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance training prevents right ventricle hypertrophy in rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke

et al. 2020

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Exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke is associated with the development of diverse diseases. Resistance training has been considered one of the most useful tools for patients with pulmonary disease, improving their quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resistance training (RT) on the prevention of thickening of the right ventricle wall of rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke. Thirty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control (C), Smoker (S), Exercised (E) and Exercised Smoker (ES). The smoker groups were exposed to the smoke of four cigarettes for 30 min, twice daily, five days a week, for 16 weeks. The exercised groups climbed on a vertical ladder with progressive load, once a day, five days a week, for 16 weeks. The heart, trachea, lung, liver and gastrocnemius muscle were removed for histopathological analysis. Pulmonary emphysema (S and ES vs C and E, P < 0.0001) and pulmonary artery thickness enlargement (S vs C and E, P = 0.003, ES vs C, P = 0.003) were detected in the smoking groups. There was an increase in the right ventricle thickness in the S group compared with all other groups (P < 0.0001). An increase in resident macrophages in the liver was detected in both smoking groups compared with the C group (P = 0.002). Additionally, a relevant reduction of the diameter of the muscle fibers was detected only in ES compared with the C, S and E groups (P = 0.0002), impairing, at least in part, the muscle mass in exercised smoking rats. Therefore, it was concluded that resistance training prevented the increase of thickness of the right ventricle in rats exposed to secondhand cigarette smoke, but it may be not so beneficial for the skeletal muscle of smoking rats.

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“…In the group submitted to the combination of both treatments, characteristics of stress on muscle tissue had lower intensity than the other experimental groups, especially when observing the rounded and angled fibers which most were classified as mild. According to Valsoni et al, 25 polygonal fibers represent healthy muscle; when the injury occurs these fibers present a rounded, angled and polymorphic shapes. These characteristics could be due to the structural disorder caused by injury, low input of nutrients, oxidative process or the aggression caused by lymphocytes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%