Effects of passive motion using mechatronic system on improvement of peripheral circulation

Homma, Keiko; Usuba, Mariko

doi:10.1109/sii.2011.6147507

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Their research group subsequently developed a three-dimensional control foot-stretching device that simulates this manual stretching technique 18 , 19 ) . There are other studies about foot-stretching devices to maintain foot function 20 , 21 , 22 ) , but none have been commercialized yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine-assisted foot stretching in the elderly: a comparison with self-stretching

et al. 2021

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Self-stretching is the traditional at-home stretching method of choice. We developed an automatic foot-stretching machine to perform effective dorsiflexion stretching safely and easily at home. The effects of automatic stretching using our machine and self-stretching were investigated and compared. [Participants and Methods] Twelve healthy elderly people participated in the study. Automatic dorsiflexion static stretching was performed with the right foot, and self-stretching using a towel was performed with the left foot. Before and after each stretching, passive range of motion in dorsiflexion, maximal voluntary contraction strength in plantarflexion, passive resistive torque during passive dorsiflexion, and displacement of the muscle-tendon junction of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were measured. [Results] The range of motion in dorsiflexion had a significantly greater increase after automatic stretching than after self-stretching. The maximum strength in plantarflexion tended to decrease after automatic stretching but did not decrease after self-stretching. The passive resistive torque in both types of stretches decreased in some of the participants but increased in others. The displacement of the muscletendon junction of the medial gastrocnemius tended to shorten during automatic stretching as compared with selfstretching. [Conclusion] Foot stretching using a machine is as effective as self-stretching and tends to affect the tendon rather than the muscle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine-assisted foot stretching in the elderly: a comparison with self-stretching

et al. 2021

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“…Saga et al [10] and Cordo et al [11] developed machines for ankle dorsiflexion or/and plantar flexion using a pneumatic actuator or an electro-magnetic motor. Others aimed to increase the blood flow of the lower limb [12][13][14]. For example, Sasanuma et al [13] developed a sock-type ankle exercise machine driven by pneumatics that moves the ankle with the tip of the foot in the dorsi/plantar flexion direction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these machines, the force transmission mechanisms encompass mechanical elements that break at certain force thresholds. In another study, passive degree of freedom was introduced to prevent misalignment of the ankle rotation axis and the machine axis [12]. However, these measures were not against hazards identified in risk assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumatically-driven stretching machine for ankle dorsiflexion: safety concepts and effectiveness test involving healthy young subjects

et al. 2020

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Stretching is a major treatment for restoring the ankle range of motion while decreasing the ankle stiffness. An automatic stretching machine can provide long-term continual stretching at home. However, no commercial stretching machines are currently available, and therefore, no safety guidelines exist for them. In this study, we prototyped a stretching machine using a chassis from a commercial foot exerciser for preventing disuse syndrome, and then proposed three safety concepts as general requirements for stretching machines. The concepts were determined based on risk assessments, which included (1) preventing excessive force from being applied to the foot, (2) responding to the ankle stiffness and the range of motion of each different individual, and (3) preventing unintended operations by the user. The above concepts allowed us to develop a stretching machine taking into account safety measures. Further, the stretching effect of the prototype was tested on sixteen healthy young subjects ( 22.3 ± 3.6 years ). We found that the passive resistance of the subjects at specific dorsiflexion angles decreased significantly after stretching the ankle using the prototyped machine.

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“…In addition, ankle rehabilitation machines for non-stretching purposes have been developed to prevent disuse syndrome or thrombus. Homma et al developed a machine for ankle plantar/dorsal flexion using an electromagnetic motor to ameliorate blood circulation (Homma et al, 2011). Other studies have developed ankle exercise machines using pneumatic actuators (Sasanuma et al, 2018;Saga and Saito, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective position of the rotation axis of an ankle stretching machine and the effect of misalignment

Shiraishi

Okamoto

Yamada

et al. 2020

JBSE

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The mechanical rotation axes of joint exercisers are believed to operate better when they match the biomechanical axes of human joints. However, there are few studies regarding ankle stretching machines. Further, the maleffects of rotation axis misalignments are not well known. Hence, we investigate the effective positions of rotation axes for ankle stretching machines and the effects of misalignments using a pneumatic-driven stretching machine developed in our previous study (Shiraishi et al., 2020). Eight healthy young males (ages 23.3 ± 1.4 years) participated in stretching exercises while the relative positions of the rotation axes between the machine and ankle were changed via plates installed under the heel. The stretching machine dorsiflexed the feet of the participants, and the dorsiflexion angles and three-axial forces applied to the forefeet were recorded. The measured values at the maximum dorsiflexion angle were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and/or regression analysis. We determined that the rotation axis of the machine must be placed 7 mm above the lateral ankle because the normal force applied to the forefoot and maximum dorsiflexion angle were large, whereas the friction force was moderate. Further, the relationships among the dorsiflexion angle and contact forces were investigated via covariance selection. The three-axial forces significantly decreased as the axis of the machine was lowered below the ankle. Additionally, the force normal to the sole had large positive effects on the dorsiflexion angle and friction force of the sole, which could damage the skin. The misalignment of the rotation axis increased the contact force at the sole when the axis of the machine was above the ankle or decreased the efficiency of force transmission from the stretching machine to the user's foot when the machine's axis was below the ankle.

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Effects of passive motion using mechatronic system on improvement of peripheral circulation

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Machine-assisted foot stretching in the elderly: a comparison with self-stretching

Machine-assisted foot stretching in the elderly: a comparison with self-stretching

Pneumatically-driven stretching machine for ankle dorsiflexion: safety concepts and effectiveness test involving healthy young subjects

Effective position of the rotation axis of an ankle stretching machine and the effect of misalignment

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