Effects of Partial Replacement of Rattan Powder by Commercial Fillers on the Properties of Natural Rubber Composites

Abstract

The effects of partial replacement of rattan powder (RP) by carbon black (CB), mica, and calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) on the curing characteristics, tensile properties, rubber-filler interaction, and morphological studies of natural rubber (NR) composites were investigated. Rattan powder with an average particle size of less than 180 µm was used in this study. NR/RP/CB, NR/RP/mica, and NR/RP/CaCO 3 composites with five different RP/commercial fillers loadings (i.e. 30/0, 20/10, 15/15, 10/20, 0/30 phr) were prepared using a laboratory size two-roll mill. Results showed that the maximum torque (M H ) of the NR/RP/CB, NR/RP/mica, and NR/RP/CaCO 3 composites increased with increasing the commercial filler-loading ratio. The scorch time (t s2 ) and cure time (t 90 ) of NR/RP/CB composites decreased as the ratio of CB loading was increased, whereas, t s2 and t 90 of NR/RP/mica and NR/RP/CaCO 3 composites increased as mica and CaCO 3 loading ratio were raised, respectively. The tensile strength, elongation at break (E b ), stress at 100% elongation (M100), and stress at 300% elongation (M300) of all the composites increased as the commercial filler-loading ratio increased. This is due to the presence of the commercial filler, which brought a better rubber-filler interaction, as confirmed by the rubber-filler interaction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies.

Effect of Rice Husk Powder on Compression Behavior and Thermal Stability of Natural Rubber Latex Foam

“…This explains why the RHP filler provided a good rubber-filler interaction in the RHPincorporated NRLFs. A similar study with rattan powder as the filler in NR compounds has been reported (Muniandy et al 2012). Increasing the amount of RHP filler contributed to the reduction of filler-filler interactions and the enhancement of fillermatrix interactions.…”

“…Swelling test (rubber-filler interaction) was analyzed benchmarking a method from previous research works (Muniandy et al 2012). RHP incorporated NRLF samples with dimensions of 30 mm × 5 mm × 2mm were accurately weighed, immersed in toluene, and allowed to swell in a closed bottle for 72 h at room temperature (25 °C).…”

Degradation Characteristics of Vulcanized Natural Rubber by Dimethyl Ether through Filler and Plasticizer Composition Variations

“…Likewise, Muniandy et al (2012) also found that carbon black filler loading resulted in a greater interaction between the rubber and the filler. The higher the extent of the interaction between the filler and the rubber matrix, the lower the swelling value (Muniandy et al, 2012;Ismail & Abdul Khalil, 2000). Figure 3 Tensile strength changes after the samples are soaked in DME Figure 3 shows the tensile strength changes after the samples were soaked in DME.…”

Exploring nanocrystalline cellulose as a green alternative of carbon black in natural rubber/butadiene rubber/styrene-butadiene rubber blends

“…Actually, not few lectures have reported the application of cellulose in rubber. Since Favier and co-workers [3] firstly reinforced rubber latex with nano-scale cellulose, lots of researches have managed to extract cellulose from nature, namely, rattan [4], bagasse [5], cassava [6], kenaf [7], sisal [8], oil palm [9] etc., and to apply as the reinforcing agent in rubber. Results show that cellulose reinforces the rubber latex effectively.…”

“…For apolar matrix, modification of cellulose/matrix interaction would do a great favor to the properties [9,16]. There were also literatures making comparisons of reinforcing effect between cellulose and commercial fillers, most of which showed negative results after replacing commercial fillers by cellulose, due to the difference of polarity and bad interaction [4,12,17]. The development of various rubber products and the requirement of elastomer with special behaviors motivate the development of rubber blends.…”