Effects of parameters on microwave assisted extraction of triazines from soil: evaluation of an optimisation trajectory

Hoogerbrugge, R; Molins, C.; Baumann, R. A.

doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00227-4

Cited by 33 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…high sample throughput, low solvent consumption and efficient extraction, were clearly demonstrated [3]. However, another study [4] involving MASE indicated that for soils from non agricultural areas (LOD of 2 lag kg -1) the required sensitivity not always could be obtained by simply injecting a higher equivalent of soil onto the column. Co-extracted soil substances reduced the chromatographic responses of analytes and, sometimes, gradually deteriorated the column.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic matter content in the trace analysis of triazines in various types of soils with GC-NPD

et al. 1998

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SummaryRecent work demonstrated that the combination of microwave assisted solvent extraction (MASE) and capillary gas chromatography with selective nitrogen detection (GC-NPD) is a viable approach for the efficient determination of triazine herbicides in soils. However, for soils with a high organic matter content or the injection of more concentrated extracts to obtain lower LOD's the performance of gas chromatographic analysis of uncleaned extracts is hampered. This results in both a decrease of the chromatographic response of analytes and a decrease in the life time of the column due to coextracted matrix substances. The effect of various types of soils on the chromatographic analysis of triazine herbicides was studied. It appeared that for the investigated samples with an organic matter content below 5 % processing of uncleaned extracts is possible. Samples with a higher organic matter content required a cleanup step. A rapid procedure on 100 mg silica cartridges has been developed using solvents compatible with the MASE extracts and the instrumental analysis. Beside the testing with different standard soils, about 120 samples of an ongoing monitoring program involving three different types of soil (organic matter content: 3-37 %) were analysed. The selected compounds atrazine, desethylatrazine, desisopropyl-atrazine and simazine could be assayed in the various soil types to a level of at least 2 lag kg -1. For soil samples with a high organic matter content (> 5 %), the rapid cleanup procedure allowed the trace analysis of the triazines and considerably increased the life time of the capillary column. Recoveries at levels from 2 to 50 tag kg -I ranged from 70 to 100 % with RSDs ranging from 5.1 to 9.5 %. Confirmation of positive sampies was carried out by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of organic matter content in the trace analysis of triazines in various types of soils with GC-NPD

et al. 1998

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“…Application of MAE for extraction of acetamiprid from cabbage (Pritam & Mukherjee, 2010) Wang et al, 2007). MAE determination of triazines in soils was first reported in 1993 (Steinheimer), followed by Hoogerbrugge et al (1997) work. MAE determination of imidazolinone herbicides have been reported by Stout et al (1996Stout et al ( , 1997.…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Extraction (Mae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modern Extraction Techniques for Pesticide Residues Determination in Plant and Soil Samples

Đurović¹,

Đorđević²

2011

Pesticides in the Modern World - Trends in Pesticides Analysis

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“…The best recoveries are obtained with 120 °C. For triazine extraction from soils [43], the temperature is an important parameter and depends on the analyte polarity and on the nature of the soil. The extraction recoveries vary only by 5 to 10% around the optimum (±30 °C).…”

Section: Influence Of Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds

1999

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Abstract. Microwave energy has been developed recently for the extraction of organic compounds from environmental matrices after its use in inorganic chemistry for trace metal analysis. The development in microwave techniques has occurred because of a need for a rapid, safe and cheap method. Conventional techniques for the extraction of solid matrices (such as Soxhlet) are time and solvent consuming and the analysis of numerous samples in environmental studies is limited by the extraction step. This review recalls the importance of the extraction step in the analytical procedure for the analysis of organic contaminants and the principles of extraction of solid matrices (sediment, soil, air particulate matter...). The theory of microwave heating is summarised and the microwave ovens used in analytical chemistry are described. Then, the review attempts to summarise all the studies about microwave assisted extraction for organic contaminants, on one hand in multimode microwave ovens in closed vessels and on the other hand in focused microwave ovens at atmospheric pressure. The microwave assisted extraction methods of volatile compounds are summarised. Finally, advantages of methods compared to conventional extraction are discussed.Key words. Microwave -extraction -organic contaminants. Analusis, 1999, 27, 259-271 © EDP Sciences, Wiley-VCH 1999 * Correspondence and reprints. Received October 20, 1998 revised December 09, 1999; accepted January 19, 1999. Article available at http://analusis.edpsciences.org or http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/analusis:1999116 soils, air particulate matter...). The theory of microwave heating is summarised and the microwave ovens used in analytical chemistry are described. Then, the review attempts to summarise all the studies about microwave assisted extraction of non and semi-volatile organic contaminants, on one hand in multimode microwave oven in closed vessels and on the other hand in focused microwave ovens at atmospheric pressure. The influence of parameters such as time, temperature, power, nature of solvent, nature of matrix, moisture content and the stability of compounds are discussed. The microwave assisted extraction methods of volatile compounds are summarised. Finally, advantages of these methods compared to conventional extraction are reviewed. Importance of the extraction step in the analytical procedureNatural samples can rarely be used in their raw state. Their nature must be compatible with the detection method. The analysis of organic contaminants requires pre-treatment of the sample. Different steps of sampling, extraction and purification are necessary before the determination and the quantification of individual compounds.The principal step of the sample treatment is the extraction of analytes from matrix, which consists of transfer of the compounds into a solvent. Extraction is rarely selective. The raw extract is then constituted of studied compounds at trace level but also of co-extracted compounds (endogenous compounds, macromolecules, other contaminants...)...

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Effects of parameters on microwave assisted extraction of triazines from soil: evaluation of an optimisation trajectory

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Effect of organic matter content in the trace analysis of triazines in various types of soils with GC-NPD

Effect of organic matter content in the trace analysis of triazines in various types of soils with GC-NPD

Modern Extraction Techniques for Pesticide Residues Determination in Plant and Soil Samples

Microwave assisted extraction of organic compounds

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